| Description |
1 online resource : illustrations |
| Contents |
About the Editor xi Notes on Contributors xiii Preface xvii 1 Experimental Setups for Hydrotreating of Petroleum Fractions 1; Jorge Ancheyta 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Type of Operation 2 1.3 Selection of the Reactor 2 1.4 Experimental Considerations for the Operation of the Laboratory Reactor 3 1.5 Considerations for Experimental Reactor Configuration 5 1.5.1 Configuration for Batch and Semi-batch Operation Modes 5 1.5.2 Configuration for Continuous Operation 6 1.6 Analysis of Products 7 1.6.1 Gases 7 1.6.2 Liquids 7 1.7 Conclusions 9 References 9 2 Experimentation in Glass Reactors with Model Compounds 11; Mohan S |
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Composition and its Role in Catalytic Activity 31 2.7 Chemisorption and Measurement of Catalytic Site Experiments 33 2.7.1 Experimental Technology 34 2.7.2 LTOC Experiments 34 2.8 Relation Between Activity and Characterization 37 2.9 Calculation of the Kinetics Rate and Intrinsic Activity 38 2.10 Additional Data for Catalytic Activity in a Glass Reactor 39 2.11 Conclusions 41 References 42 3 Experimentation with Model Molecules in Batch Reactors 47; Pablo Torres-Mancera, Patricia Rayo, |
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And Jorge Ancheyta 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Considerations in Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions 47 3.2.1 Integral Method 49 3.2.2 Differential Method 50 3.2.3 Effect of Temperature 52 3.2.4 Mass Transfer Effects 52 3.3 Catalytic Reaction Running Methodology 53 3.3.1 Catalyst Particle Size 54 3.3.2 Sulfiding Step 54 3.3.3 Reaction Test 55 3.3.4 Analysis of the Reaction Samples 55 3.4 Example of HDS of a Model Compound 56 3.4.1 Reaction 56 3.4.2 Analysis of Reaction Samples 56 3.4.3 Catalytic Activity 56 3.4.4 Reaction Network 59 3.4.5 Product Distribution 60 3.4.6 Selectivity Analysis 61 3.4.7 Deep Kinetic Analysis 61 3.4.8 Analysis of Mass Transfer Effects 63 3.5 Conclusions 64 References 65 4 Experimentation in Batch Reactors with Petroleum Distillates 67; Gustavo Marroquín, José A.D |
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Muñoz, and Jorge Ancheyta 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Batch Reactors 68 4.2.1 Main Features 68 4.2.2 Use of Batch Reactors for Hydrotreating 69 4.2.3 Modes of Operation 70 4.2.4 Data Collection 71 4.2.5 Analysis of Experimental Data 77 4.2.6 Profiles in the Reactor 77 4.3 Experimental Study to Determine the Effectiveness Factors of Catalysts Using Petroleum Distillate 78 4.3.1 Experimental 78 4.3.2 Results and Discussion 79 4.4 Activation Energies of Petroleum Distillates During HDS Reactions 84 4.4.1 Experimental 85 4.4.2 Results and Discussion 85 4.4.3 Effect of Feed Properties on Kinetic Parameters 93 4.5 Conclusions 93 References 94 5 Experimentation with Heavy Oil in Batch Reactors 97; Samir K |
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Obtained in Batch Reactors 111 5.5.1 Measurement of Product Distribution by TGA 111 5.5.2 Effect of Operating Conditions on Hydrotreating Activities 112 5.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Batch Reactors 114 5.6.1 Advantages 114 5.6.2 Disadvantages 116 5.7 Conclusions 116 References 117 6 Experimentation in Small-scale Continuous Fixed-bed Tubular Reactors 121; Patricia Rayo, Fernando Alonso, and Jorge Ancheyta 6.1 Introduction 121 6.2 Experimental Setup 122 6.2.1 Small-scale Unit 122 6.2.2 Catalyst Loading 124 6.2.3 Catalyst Activation 125 6.2.4 Unloading of Catalyst 125 6.2.5 Characterization of Feed and Liquid Products 125 6.2.6 Characterization of Supports, |
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And Fresh and Spent Catalysts 127 6.3 Effect of Diluent Composition 130 6.3.1 Experimental 130 6.3.2 Results and Discussion 130 6.3.3 Conclusions 136 6.4 Effect of Support 136 6.4.1 Synthesis of Supports 137 6.4.2 Results and Discussion 138 6.4.3 Conclusions 149 6.5 Effect of Support Modification 151 6.5.1 Synthesis of Supports 152 6.5.2 Results and Discussion 153 6.5.3 Conclusions 163 6.6 Effect of the Additive Incorporation Method 164 6.6.1 Feed and Synthesis of Supports and Catalysts 164 6.6.2 Results and Discussion 166 6.6.3 Conclusions 177 6.7 Effect of the Incorporation Method of Ti 178 6.7.1 Feed and Synthesis of Supports and Catalysts 179 6.7.2 Results and Discussion 180 6.7.3 Conclusions 186 References 187 7 Experimentation in Medium-scale Continuous Fixed-bed Tubular Reactors 191; Fernando Alonso, |
| Summary |
"Experimental methods for evaluation of hydrotreating catalysts focuses on detailed descriptions of experimental procedures that are used for testing and screening of hydrotreating catalysts, making emphasis on step-by-step methodologies, calculations, treatment of data, and interpretation of results. It describes experimental procedure at different levels of experimentation, such as: glass reactor, batch reactor, small-scale tubular reactor, medium-scale tubular reactor, large-scale tubular reactor, continuous stirred tank reactor, and ebullated-bed reactor, using model compounds, middle distillates and heavy oil. Each chapter includes detailed description of the experimental setup and procedure, analytical methods, calculations, examples of catalyst testing, characterization of catalyst and liquid products, and interpretation of results. Experimental methods for evaluation of hydrotreating catalysts is oriented to be a reference book for researchers, PhD students, post-doctorate students, catalyst manufacturers, professors, to help them carry out proper experiments for catalyst evaluation at different reaction scales, as well as to cover part of the content of a series of courses of different carriers at undergraduate and postgraduate levels"-- Provided by publisher |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on May 27, 2020) |
| Subject |
Petroleum -- Refining -- Experiments
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Hydrotreating catalysts -- Testing
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Ancheyta, Jorge, editor
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| LC no. |
2019057779 |
| ISBN |
1119518008 |
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9781119518013 |
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1119518016 |
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9781119518037 |
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1119518032 |
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9781119518006 |
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