| Description |
1 online resource (xxviii, 707 pages) : illustrations (some color) |
| Series |
Springer Praxis books. Geophysical sciences |
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Springer-Praxis books in geophysical sciences.
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| Contents |
Note continued: 4.1.2. Bathymetry -- 4.1.3. Factors affecting sound speed and attenuation in pure seawater -- 4.1.4. Speed of sound in pure seawater -- 4.1.5. Attenuation of sound in pure seawater -- 4.2. Properties of bubbles and marine life -- 4.2.1. Properties of air bubbles in water -- 4.2.2. Properties of marine life -- 4.3. Properties of the sea surface -- 4.3.1. Effect of wind -- 4.3.2. Surface roughness -- 4.3.3. Wind-generated bubbles -- 4.4. Properties of the seabed -- 4.4.1. Unconsolidated sediments -- 4.4.2. Rocks -- 4.4.3. Geoacoustic models -- 4.5. References -- 5. Underwater acoustics -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. wave equations for fluid and solid media -- 5.2.1. Compressional waves in a fluid medium -- 5.2.2. Compressional waves and shear waves in a solid medium -- 5.3. Reflection of plane waves -- 5.3.1. Reflection from and transmission through a simple fluid-fluid or fluid-solid boundary -- 5.3.2. Reflection from a layered fluid boundary -- 5.3.3. Reflection from a layered solid boundary -- 5.3.4. Reflection from a perfectly reflecting rough surface -- 5.3.5. Reflection from a partially reflecting rough surface -- 5.4. Scattering of plane waves -- 5.4.1. Scattering cross-sections and the far field -- 5.4.2. Backscattering from solid objects -- 5.4.3. Backscattering from fluid objects -- 5.4.4. Scattering from rough boundaries -- 5.5. Dispersion in the presence of impurities -- 5.5.1. Wood's model for sediments in dilute suspension -- 5.5.2. Buckingham's model for saturated sediments with inter-granular contact -- 5.5.3. Effect of bubbles or bladdered fish -- 5.6. References -- 6. Sonar signal processing -- 6.1. Processing gain for passive sonar -- 6.1.1. Beam patterns -- 6.1.2. Directivity index -- 6.1.3. Array gain -- 6.1.4. BB application -- 6.1.5. Time domain processing |
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Note continued: 6.2. Processing gain for active sonar -- 6.2.1. Signal carrier and envelope -- 6.2.2. Simple envelopes and their spectra -- 6.2.3. Autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions and the matched filter -- 6.2.4. Ambiguity function -- 6.2.5. Matched filter gain for perfect replica -- 6.2.6. Matched filter gain for imperfect replica (coherence loss) -- 6.2.7. Array gain and total processing gain (active sonar) -- 6.3. References -- 7. Statistical detection theory -- 7.1. Single known pulse in Gaussian noise. coherent processing -- 7.1.1. False alarm probability for Gaussian-distributed noise -- 7.1.2. Detection probability for signal with random phase -- 7.1.3. Detection threshold -- 7.1.4. Application to other waveforms -- 7.2. Multiple known pulses in Gaussian noise, incoherent processing -- 7.2.1. False alarm probability for Rayleigh-distributed noise amplitude -- 7.2.2. Detection probability for incoherently processed pulse train -- 7.3. Application to sonar -- 7.3.1. Active sonar -- 7.3.2. Passive sonar -- 7.3.3. Decision strategies and the detection threshold -- 7.4. Multiple looks -- 7.4.1. Introduction -- 7.4.2. AND and OR operations -- 7.4.3. Multiple OR operations -- 7.4.4. "M out of N" operations -- 7.5. References -- pt. III TOWARDS APPLICATIONS -- 8. Sources and scatterers of sound -- 8.1. Reflection and scattering from ocean boundaries -- 8.1.1. Reflection from the sea surface -- 8.1.2. Scattering from the sea surface -- 8.1.3. Reflection from the seabed -- 8.1.4. Scattering from the seabed -- 8.2. Target strength, volume backscattering strength, and volume attenuation coefficient -- 8.2.1. Target strength of point-like scatterers -- 8.2.2. Volume backscattering strength and attenuation coefficient of distributed scatterers -- 8.2.3. Column strength and wake strength of extended volume scatterers |
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Note continued: 8.3. Sources of underwater sound -- 8.3.1. Shipping source spectrum level measurements -- 8.3.2. Distributed sources on the sea surface -- 8.3.3. Distributed sources on the seabed (crustacea) -- 8.4. References -- 9. Propagation of underwater sound -- 9.1. Propagation loss -- 9.1.1. Effect of the seabed in isovelocity water -- 9.1.2. Effect of a sound speed profile -- 9.2. Noise level -- 9.2.1. Deep water -- 9.2.2. Shallow water -- 9.2.3. Noise maps -- 9.3. Signal level (active sonar) -- 9.3.1. reciprocity principle -- 9.3.2. Calculation of echo level -- 9.3.3. V-duct propagation (isovelocity case) -- 9.3.4. U-duct propagation (linear profile) -- 9.4. Reverberation level -- 9.4.1. Isovelocity water -- 9.4.2. Effect of refraction -- 9.5. Signal-to-reverberation ratio (active sonar) -- 9.5.1. V-duct (isovelocity case) -- 9.5.2. U-duct (linear profile) -- 9.6. References -- 10. Transmitter and receiver characteristics -- 10.1. Transmitter characteristics -- 10.1.1. Of man-made systems -- 10.1.2. Of marine mammals -- 10.2. Receiver characteristics -- 10.2.1. Of man-made sonar -- 10.2.2. Of marine mammals, amphibians, human divers, and fish -- 10.3. References -- 11. sonar equations revisited -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Passive sonar with coherent processing: tonal detector -- 11.2.1. Sonar equation -- 11.2.2. Source level (SL) -- 11.2.3. Narrowband propagation loss (PL) -- 11.2.4. Noise spectrum level (NLf) -- 11.2.5. Bandwidth (BW) -- 11.2.6. Array gain (AG) and directivity index (DI) -- 11.2.7. Detection threshold (DT) -- 11.2.8. Worked example -- 11.3. Passive sonar with incoherent processing: energy detector -- 11.3.1. Sonar equation -- 11.3.2. Source level (SL) -- 11.3.3. Broadband propagation loss (PL) -- 11.3.4. Broadband noise level (NL) -- 11.3.5. Processing gain (PG) |
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Note continued: 11.3.6. Broadband detection threshold (DT) -- 11.3.7. Worked example -- 11.4. Active sonar with coherent processing: matched filter -- 11.4.1. Sonar equation -- 11.4.2. Eeho level (EL). target strength (TS). and equivalent target strength (TSeq) -- 11.4.3. Background level (BL) -- 11.4.4. Processing gain (PG) -- 11.4.5. Detection threshold (DT) -- 11.4.6. Worked example -- 11.5. future of sonar performance modeling -- 11.5.1. Advances in signal processing and oceanographic modeling -- 11.5.2. Autonomous platforms -- 11.5.3. Environmental impact of anthropogenic sound -- 11.6. References -- APPENDICES -- A. Special functions and mathematical operations -- A.1. Definitions and basic properties of special functions -- A.1.1. Heaviside step function, sign function, and rectangle function -- A.1.2. Sine cardinal and sinh cardinal functions -- A.1.3. Dirae delta function -- A.1.4. Fresnel integrals -- A.1.5. Error function, complementary error function, and righttail probability function -- A.1.6. Exponential integrals and related functions -- A.1.7. Gamma function and incomplete gamma functions -- A.1.8. Marcum Q functions -- A.1.9. Elliptic integrals -- A.1.10. Bessel and related functions -- A.1.11. Hypergeometric functions -- A.2. Fourier transforms and related integrals -- A.2.1. Forward and inverse Fourier transforms -- A.2.2. Cross-eorrelation -- A.2.3. Convolution -- A.2.4. Discrete Fourier transform -- A.2.5. Plancherel's theorem -- A.3. Stationary phase method for evaluation of integrals -- A.3.1. Stationary phase approximation -- A.3.2. Derivation -- A.4. Solution to quadratic, cubic, and quartic equations -- A.4.1. Quadratic equation -- A.4.2. Cubic equation -- A.4.3. Quartic and higher order equations -- A.5. References -- B. Units and nomenclature -- B.1. Units -- B.1.1. SI units |
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Note continued: B.1.2. Non-SI units -- B.1.3. Logarithmic units -- B.2. Nomenclature -- B.2.1. Notation -- B.2.3. Names of fish and marine mammals -- B.3. References -- C. Fish and their swimbladders -- C.1. Tables of fish and bladder types -- C.2. References |
| Summary |
Dr Ainslie's book provides a long-awaited complete and modern treatment of sonar performance modelling (SPM). In this context, the word "sonar" is used in a broad sense, to mean any deliberate use of underwater sound, including by marine mammals. The acronym "SONAR" stands for "sound navigation and ranging", but this book demonstrates how sonar systems and methodology are used for a variety of sensing, communications and deterrence systems, and by a number of industries and end-users (military, offshore, fisheries, surveyors and oceanography). The first three chapters provide background information and introduce the sonar equations. The author then lays the main foundations with separate chapters on acoustical oceanography, underwater acoustics, signal processing and statistical detection theory. These disparate disciplines are integrated expertly and authoritatively into a coherent whole, with as much detail as necessary added for more advanced applications of SPM. The book is illustrated with numerous worked examples, at both introductory and advanced levels, created using a variety of modern SPM tools |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
English |
| Subject |
Sonar.
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sonar.
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Sciences de la terre.
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Environnement.
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Sonar
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9783540876625 |
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3540876626 |
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9783540876618 |
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3540876618 |
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