| Description |
1 online resource (400 pages) |
| Contents |
Front Cover -- ADVANCED ALGORITHMS FOR MINERAL AND HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION USING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR -- ADVANCED ALGORITHMS FOR MINERAL AND HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION USING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 -- An introduction to minerals, rocks, and mineral deposits -- 1.1 What is the denotation of minerals? -- 1.2 Queries of understanding minerals -- 1.2.1 Why are minerals in rocks important? -- 1.2.2 How are minerals and rocks classified? -- 1.2.3 What are the minerals found in rocks? -- 1.2.4 How do minerals contribute to rock? -- 1.3 What makes a mineral as mineral? -- 1.4 Properties of minerals -- 1.4.1 Crystal form -- 1.4.2 Hardness -- 1.4.3 Fracture and cleavage -- 1.4.4 Luster -- 1.4.5 Color -- 1.4.6 Streak -- 1.4.7 Density -- 1.4.8 Tenacity -- 1.5 How are minerals classified? -- 1.5.1 Silicates -- 1.5.2 Sulfides -- 1.5.3 Carbonates -- 1.5.4 Oxides -- 1.5.5 Halides -- 1.5.6 Sulfates -- 1.5.7 Phosphates -- 1.5.8 Native elements -- 1.6 What is meant by ores? -- 1.7 What are igneous rocks? -- 1.8 How do igneous rocks form? -- 1.9 Types of igneous rocks -- 1.10 What are meant of sedimentary rocks? -- 1.10.1 Common sedimentary rocks -- 1.10.2 Clastic sedimentary rocks -- 1.10.3 Biologic sedimentary rocks -- 1.11 What are meant of metamorphic rocks? -- 1.11.1 Process of metamorphism -- 1.11.2 Foliated metamorphic rocks -- 1.11.3 Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks -- 1.12 Is glacier ice a type of rock? -- 1.13 Bowen's reaction series in understanding formation of igneous rock -- References -- 2 -- Structural geology of mineral, oil and gas explorations -- 2.1 What is mean by structural geology? -- 2.2 Categorization of geological structures -- 2.2.1 Geometry -- 2.2.2 Geologic significance -- 2.2.3 Timing of formation -- 2.2.4 Deformation mechanism -- 2.2.5 Mesoscopic cohesiveness |
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2.2.6 Strain significance -- 2.2.7 Rock volume deformation -- 2.3 Folds -- 2.3.1 Folds formation -- 2.3.2 Anticlines and synclines -- 2.3.3 Dipping anticlines and synclines -- 2.3.4 Synclines -- 2.3.5 Faults -- 2.3.6 Reverse and thrust faults -- 2.4 Stress and mountain building -- 2.5 Mechanical principles in structural geology -- 2.5.1 Stress in Earth's crust -- 2.5.2 Stress and fault sorts -- 2.5.3 Strain -- 2.5.4 Ductile and Brittle Strain -- 2.6 Shear criteria and kinematic analysis -- 2.6.1 Helicitic inclusions in porphyroblasts -- 2.6.2 Mica fish -- 2.7 Ore deposits as a function of structural geology -- 2.7.1 Ore deposits and plate tectonics -- 2.7.1.1 Deposits at oceanic ridges (divergent plate margins) -- 2.7.1.2 Deposits at convergent plate margins -- 2.7.1.3 Deposits at collision boundaries -- 2.7.1.4 Deposits in cratonic rift systems -- 2.7.1.5 Deposits in cratonic basins -- 2.8 Veins and hydrothermal deposits -- 2.9 Mesothermal -- 2.10 Epithermal -- 2.11 Metamorphic processes -- 2.12 Surficial processes (exogenous) -- 2.13 Genesis of common ores -- 2.13.1 Iron -- 2.13.2 Lead zinc silver -- 2.13.3 Gold -- 2.13.4 Platinum -- 2.13.5 Nickel -- 2.13.6 Uranium -- 2.13.7 Titanium and zirconium -- 2.13.8 Tin, tungsten, and molybdenum -- 2.13.9 Rare Earth elements, niobium, tantalum, and lithium -- 2.13.9.1 Phosphate -- 2.13.9.2 Vanadium -- 2.14 Oil and gas formation -- 2.15 Type of oil and gas traps -- 2.15.1 Structural trap -- 2.15.1.1 Synthetic fault -- antithetic fault and horst -- 2.15.1.2 Growth fault and hydrocarbon traps -- 2.15.1.3 Normal fault (gravity fault), reverse fault and listric faults -- 2.15.2 Anticline trap -- 2.15.3 Salt dome -- 2.15.4 Stratigraphic trap -- References -- Further reading -- 3 -- Theories of microwave synthetic aperture radar -- 3.1 Maxwell's equations -- 3.1.1 Integral forms of Maxwell's equations |
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3.1.2 Differential forms of Maxwell's equations -- 3.2 Electromagnetic waves -- 3.3 Microwave beam -- 3.4 Microwave photon beams -- 3.5 Generation of electromagnetic wave by antenna -- 3.6 Radio detection and ranging (RADAR) -- 3.7 How does a radar measure the distance of an object? -- 3.8 Line-of-sight of a radar -- 3.9 Radar-microwave characteristics -- 3.10 Radar equation -- 3.11 Real aperture radar -- 3.11.1 Real aperture radar: range resolution -- 3.11.2 Real aperture radar: azimuth resolution -- 3.12 Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) -- 3.13 Slant and ground range resolution -- 3.14 Kinds of SAR -- 3.15 Theoretical limits for strip map SAR -- 3.16 What is the effect of object width on strip map SAR resolution? -- 3.17 SAR polarization -- References -- 4 -- Marghany Adaptive Modification Algorithm for lineament automatic detection in Synthetic aperture radar data -- 4.1 What is meant by lineament? -- 4.2 What is the magic of lineament? -- 4.3 What are the sorts of lineaments? -- 4.4 Can implement lineaments as tool for mineral and hydrocarbon explorations? -- 4.5 What is mechanism of Synthetic Aperture Radar in imagine lineaments? -- 4.6 How far does the incidence angle effect lineament imaging in SAR image? -- 4.7 How far does the look-azimuth impact lineament imaging in SAR? -- 4.8 Radar speckle noise -- 4.9 Multilook processing and speckle -- 4.10 Marghany Adaptive Modification Algorithm for lineament detection -- 4.11 Automatic lineament detection using Marghany Adaptive Modification Algorithm -- References -- 5 -- Mechanism of imaging structural geology features in synthetic aperture radar -- 5.1 SAR imaging geometry -- 5.2 How do different view geometries effect geology imaging? -- 5.3 How far the wavelength and incident angle effect geological feature imaging? |
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5.4 How far beam polarization impact geology feature imaging mechanisms in SAR sensors? -- 5.5 Subsurface imaging mechanisms in SAR image -- 5.6 Complex dielectric constant impact in mineral deposit imaging in SAR image? -- 5.7 SAR geometric distortion mechanisms -- 5.8 Complex volume-scattering mechanisms -- 5.9 Imagine mechanisms of terrain categories in SAR images -- 5.10 Geological structure imaging in SAR images -- 5.11 SAR stereoscopy mechanism for geological structure imagings -- References -- Further reading -- 6 -- Retrieving Minerals and Rocks in polarimetry Microwave Remote Sensing data -- 6.1 What is the magic of polarimetry in nature? -- 6.2 How polarization pattern can identify mineral deposits? -- 6.3 What is meant by state of polarization? -- 6.4 What are the sorts of approaches to describe state of polarization? -- 6.5 Mechanism of polarimetric scattering -- 6.5.1 The scattering matrix -- 6.5.2 The connection between sinclair matrix and Jones matrix -- 6.6 Mueller matrix -- 6.7 The covariance and coherency matrixes -- 6.8 Circular polarization -- 6.9 Airborne synthetic aperture radar (AIRSAR) -- 6.10 Geological polariemetry signatures in AIRSAR data -- 6.11 Marghany's technique for rock and mineral deposit detections in AIRSAR data -- 6.12 Freeman-Durden polarization decomposition for mineral deposit detections -- References -- 7 -- Texture and quantum entropy algorithms for mineral and hydrocarbon explorations in synthetic aperture radar images -- 7.1 What is the magic of mineral deposits in hydrocarbon explorations? -- 7.2 How to exploit clay minerals in oil and gas exploration? -- 7.3 How remote sensing imagine hydrocarbon as based on alteration minerals? -- 7.4 SAR image texture -- 7.5 Texture SAR image algorithms -- 7.6 What is the correlation between GLCM and SAR image pixels? -- 7.7 How do GLCM operate in SAR image? |
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7.8 How SAR image turns into symmetrical matrix using GLCM? -- 7.9 How to normalize symmetrical SAR GLMC matrix? -- 7.10 How to create SAR texture image? -- 7.11 What is the mathematical form of cooccurrence matrix? -- 7.11.1 Contrast category -- 7.11.2 Homogeneity -- 7.11.3 Dissimilarity -- 7.11.4 Angular second moment (ASM) and energy -- 7.11.5 Statistics of GLCM -- 7.11.6 Entropy -- 7.12 Can GLCM accurately detect mineral deposit indices for hydrocarbon potential zones? -- 7.13 Can quantum entropy perform better than entropy for the automatic detection of diversity of mineral deposits and hydrocarbo ... -- References -- Further reading -- 8 -- Mahalanobis classifier and neural network algorithms for mineral exploration -- 8.1 SAR imagine mineral deposits -- 8.2 What is the exact issue for mineral extraction in SAR data? -- 8.3 Hypotheses -- 8.4 Selected SAR data acquisition -- 8.5 Mahalanobis algorithm -- 8.6 Lineament detection by Mahalanobis classifier -- 8.7 Mineralization automatic detection by Mahalanobis classifier -- 8.8 Artificial intelligent for mineral sorts automatic detection -- 8.9 How do the mineral exploration indices select in SAR data into neural network? -- 8.10 Frame structure of neural network for mineral deposits automatic detection -- 8.11 Back-propagation learning algorithm for automatic detection of mineral deposits -- 8.12 Back-propagation training algorithm -- 8.13 Mineral deposit detections by NN algorithm -- 8.14 Comparison between Mahalanobis classifier and neural networks -- References -- Further reading -- 9 -- Fractal dimension algorithm for automatic detection of gold mineralization -- 9.1 How is gold formed? -- 9.2 How earthquakes and volcanoes play vital roles in forming gold atoms -- 9.3 What are the characteristics of gold? -- 9.4 Mineral exploration in SAR data -- 9.5 What is meant by fractal? |
| Notes |
9.6 Fractal dimensions |
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Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9780128218020 |
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0128218029 |
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