List of Photo Essays; List of Acronyms; Acknowledgments Introduction ; Helmut Gruber & Pamela Graves 1914: Great Feminist Expectations; Michelle Perrot PART I: SOCIAL EXPERIMENTS Introduction ; Atina Grossmann Chapter 1. "The "New Woman": Realities and Illusions of Gender Equality in Red Vienna; Helmut Gruber Chapter 2. Modernization as Challenge: Perceptions and Reactions of German Social Democratic Women; Adelheid von Saldern Chapter 3. German Communism and New Women: Dilemmas and Contradictions; Atina Grossmann PART II: GRASSROOTS INITIATIVES Introduction ; Pamela Graves Chapter 4