Title Brain cancer / edited by M.A. Hayat

Published Dordrecht ; London : Springer, ©2010

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Description 1 online resource (xlvi, 392 pages) : illustrations (some color) Series Methods of cancer diagnosis, therapy and prognosis ; vol. 8 Methods of cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis ; v. 8. Contents Machine generated contents note: 1. World Health Organization Classification of the Central Nervous System Tumors: An Update Using Imaging / Shiori Amemiya -- Introduction -- Astrocytic Tumors -- Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma: WHO Grade II -- Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumors -- Papillary Glioneuronal Tumor: WHO Grade I -- Extraventricular Neurocytoma: WHO Grade II -- Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor of the Fourth Ventricle: WHO Grade I -- Other Neuroepithelial Tumors -- Angiocentric Glioma: WHO Grade I -- Tumors of the Pineal Region -- Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region: WHO Grade II/III -- Embryonal Tumors -- Medulloblastoma: WHO Grade IV -- Medulloblastoma With Extensive Nodularity: WHO Grade IV -- Anaplastic Medulloblastoma: WHO Grade IV -- References -- 2. Brain Tumor Imaging: European Association of Nuclear Medicine Procedure Guidelines / Klaus Tatsch -- Background Information and Definitions -- ̂ Common Indications -- Indications -- Contraindications (Relative) -- Procedure -- Patient Preparation -- Information Pertinent to Performance of the Procedure -- Precautions and Conscious Sedation -- Radiopharmaceutical -- Data Acquisition -- Image Processing -- Interpretation Criteria -- Reporting -- Issues Requiring Further Clarification -- References -- 3. Assessment of Heterogeneity in Malignant Brain Tumors / William C. Broaddus -- Introduction -- Problem of Heterogeneity and Its Clinical Significance -- Previous Studies Assessing Molecular Heterogeneity of Tumors -- Use of Stereotactic Neuroimaging Systems for Tumor Sampling -- Methodology -- Description of Method -- MRI-Guided Stereotactic Biopsy -- Integrated Histopathological Scoring -- Use of Genomics Technologies for Regional Molecular Profiling -- Microarray Data Analysis -- Small Sample Size -- Results -- ̂ Histopathological Considerations -- Assessing Quality of Biopsy Extracts Note continued: Genomic Assessment of Regional Tumor Phenotype -- Validation Studies -- Discussion -- Utility of Stereotactic Biopsy for Tumor Characterization -- Future Technical Applications -- Clinical Impact of Improved Tumor Characterization -- References -- 4. Diagnosing and Grading of Brain Tumors: Immunohistochemistry / Suzanne Z. Powell -- Introduction -- Immunohistochemical Markers for Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Brain Tumors -- Immunohistochemical Markers Routinely Used in Diagnostic Neuro-oncology Practice -- New Immunohistochemical Markers Applicable to Brain Tumor Diagnosis -- Useful Immunohistochemical Markers for Differential Diagnosis of Brain Tumors -- Immunohistochemistry as a Useful Adjunct in Grading of Brain Tumors: Ki-67 and Phospho-Histon H3 -- Astrocytoma -- Meningioma -- Immunohistochemical and Analytical Methods (For Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue) -- ̂ Formalin Fixation -- Sectioning -- Antigen Retrieval -- Preparations for Retrieval Solutions -- Immunohistochemical Staining of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue -- Protocol -- Analysis -- References -- 5. Malignant Brain Tumors: Roles of Aquaporins / Jean-Francois Brunet -- Introduction -- AQP Expression in Normal Brain and its Function -- AQP1 Distribution and Its Potential Role -- AQP4 Astrocyte Endfeet Marker Involved in Brain Water Homeostasis -- Involvement of AQP9 in Brain Energy Metabolism -- AQP Distribution in Tumors: Roles in Prognosis and Treatment -- AQP1 in Tumors: Water Homeostasis or Cell Migration? -- AQP4 in Tumors: Biomarker for Tumor Classification -- AQP9 in Brain Tumors: New Findings -- References -- 6. Brain Metastases: Gene Amplification Using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis / Juan A. Rey -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Equipment and Procedure -- ̂ DNA Extraction -- Quantitative-PCR: Amplification Status Note continued: Procedure -- Results -- Further Considerations -- References -- 7. Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase-4 in Brain Tumor Biology: Immunochemical Analysis / Joshua B. Rubin -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Western Blotting -- Materials -- Methods -- Immunohistochemistry -- Materials -- Methods -- Immunocytochemistry -- Materials -- Methods -- Results and Discussion -- References -- 8. Radiosurgical Treatment of Progressive Malignant Brain Tumors / Cole A. Giller -- Introduction -- Methodology of Treatment Philosophy -- Methodology of Indications -- Methodology of Choice of Fractionation Schedule -- Methodology of Dosimetry -- Construction of Hypofractionated Plans -- Case Example -- Cohort Study -- References -- 9. Anti-vascular Therapy for Brain Tumors / Thomas C. Chen -- Introduction -- Specific Drug Targets -- Angiogenic Growth Factors -- ̂ Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors -- Endothelial Cell Adhesion and Migration -- Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells -- Conclusion -- References -- 10. Glial Brain Tumors: Antiangiogenic Therapy / Pieter Wesseling -- Clinical Features of Glioma -- Histopathology and Genetic Background of Gliomas -- Current Treatment Modalities -- Antiangiogenesis as Anti-Tumor Therapy -- VEGF-A and angiogenesis -- Preclinical Anti-Angiogenic Therapy of Brain Tumors -- Consequences of Antiangiogenic Therapy for Diagnosis: Vessel Normalization -- Clinical Experience with Anti-Angiogenic Therapy -- Future Perspectives -- References -- 11. Brain Tumors: Amide Proton Transfer Imaging / Jaishri O. Blakeley -- Introduction -- Chemical Exchange-Dependent Saturation Transfer Imaging: Principles and Applications -- Magnetization Transfer Contrast (MTC), Cest, and APT -- APT Imaging of Experimental Brain Tumor Models -- ̂ APT Imaging of Human Brain Tumors -- References Note continued: 12. Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Rat Models of Invasive Brain Tumors / Harish Poptani -- Introduction -- Imaging Tissue Microstructure -- Diffusion Tensor -- Diffusion Tensor Metrics -- Data Acquisition Methods -- Rat Brain Tumor Models -- 9L Gliosarcoma -- C6 Glioma -- F98 Glioma -- Mayo 22 Human Brain Tumor Xenograft -- Future Considerations -- Tractography -- Tumor Cell Density and Diffusion Anisotropy -- Other Challenges -- References -- 13. Brain Tumors: Diffusion Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Thomas L. Chenevert -- Introduction -- Imaging Techniques -- Diffusion Weighted Imaging -- Diffusion Tensor Imaging -- Diffusion Imaging in Tissue Characterization -- Diffusion Imaging in Tumor Grading -- Diffusion Imaging in Pre-surgical Planning -- Diffusion Imaging in Treatment Follow-Up -- ̂ Diffusion Imaging in Differentiation of Recurrent Tumor from Radiation Injury and Post-surgical Injury -- Pitfalls -- Future Applications -- References -- 14. Brain Tumors: Planning and Monitoring Therapy with Positron Emission Tomography / P. Price -- Introduction -- Imaging Brain Tumors With Positron Emission Tomography and FDG -- Amino Acid PET in Brain Tumors -- Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Less Common Tumor Types -- Delineation of Tumor Extent for Treatment Planning -- Minimizing Damage to Uninvolved Brain Structures -- Monitoring Brain Tumors: When is the Best Time to Intervene? -- Selection of Treatment Modalities -- Assessing Response to Treatment and Prognosis -- Future of PET Imaging in Brain Tumors -- References -- 15. Clinical Evaluation of Primary Brain Tumor: O-(2-[18F]Fluorethyl)-L-Tyrosine Positron Emission Tomography / Karl-Josef Langen -- Introduction -- ̂ Intensity and Dnamics of O-(2-[18F]Fluorethyl)-L-Tyrosine-Uptake -- Correlation of O-(2-[18F]Fluorethyl)-L-Tyrosine-Uptake with Morphological Imaging Note continued: Recommendations for Image Acquisition and Interpretation -- Clinical Application -- References -- 16. Combined Use of [F-18]Fluorodeoxyglucose and [C-11]Methionine in 45 PET-Guided Stereotactic Brain Biopsies / Benoit Pirotte -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Patient Selection -- Stereotactic PET Data Acquisition -- Analysis of Stereotactic PET Images and Target Definition -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- PET for the Guidance of Stereotactic Brain Biopsy -- Choice of Radiotracer -- Accuracy of Stereotactic PET Coregistration -- Comparison Between Met and FDG -- References -- 17. Hemorrhagic Brain Neoplasm-99mTc-Methoxyisobutyl Isonitrile-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography / Sergio Baldari -- Introduction -- Radiopharmaceutical and Technical Issues -- 99mTC-MIBI-SPECT in Brain Tumors Evaluation -- 99mTC-MIBI-SPECT in Hemorrhagic Brain Neoplasm -- ̂ References -- 18. Brain Tumor Imaging Using p-[123I]Iodo-L-Phenylalanine and SPECT / Dirk Hellwig -- Introduction -- Imaging Method -- Preparation of 123I-IPA -- Patient Preparation and Administration of 123I-IPA -- SPECT Acquisition -- Correlative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Coregistration of SPECT and NMR Images -- Qualitative Interpretation and Quantitative Image Analysis -- Results of Brain Tumor Imaging Using 123I-IPA -- Initial Evaluation of Suspected Brain Tumors -- Evaluation of Suspected Recurrence or Progression -- Quantitative Criteria for the Evaluation of Brain Lesions by IPA-SPECT -- Comparison of 123I-IPA and 123I-IMT -- Dosimetry of 123I-IPA -- Discussion -- Potential Advancements -- References -- 19. Diagnosis and Staging of Brain Tumours: Magnetic Resonance Single Voxel Spectra / Carles Arus -- Single Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- ̂ What Does Single Voxel MRS Tell us About a Brain Tumor? Note continued: Information Provided by a Single Voxel MR Spectrum -- Methods -- How to Perform a Single Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study When a Brain Tumor Is Suspected -- Acquisition Parameters for Single Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- Reporting on a Single Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study -- Quantifying a Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study: Processing a Single Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectrum -- Quantifying an MRS Study: Ratio-Based Determinations -- Quantifying an MRS Study: Classifiers and Decision-Support Systems -- When There is an Indication for a SV MRS Exam -- Discrimination Between Tumor and Pseudotumoral Lesion -- Tumor Classification -- Follow-Up of Brain-Tumors After Treatment -- References -- 20. Parallel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Acquisition and Reconstruction: Application to Functional and Spectroscopic Imaging in Human Brain / Shang-Yueh Tsai -- Introduction -- ̂ Principles of Parallel MRI -- Parallel MRI Acquisitions -- Parallel MRI Reconstructions -- Mathematical Formulation -- Application-SENSE Human Brain Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Application-SENSE Proton Spectroscopic Imaging -- References -- 21. Intra-axial Brain Tumors: Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Riyadh N. Alokaili -- Introduction -- Classification and Overview of Central Nervous System Tumors -- Intra-Axial Tumor Imaging Protocol -- Diffusion Imaging -- Diffusion Tensor Imaging -- Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- Basics of Central Nervous System Tumor Image Interpretation -- General Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of Intra-Axial Tumors -- Appearance of Specific Intra-Axial Brain Tumors on Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Primary (Non-lymphomatous) Neoplasms -- Secondary Neoplasms (Metastases) -- Lymphoma -- ̂ Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions -- Brain Abscess Note continued: Encephalitis -- Approach to an Unknown Intra-Axial Brain Tumor -- Limitations and Future Direction -- References -- 22. Brain Tumors: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient at Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Kaoru Kurisu -- Introduction -- Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and T2 Shine-Through -- Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Sequences -- Cellurarity and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient -- Clinical Application of Apparnet Diffusion Coefficient in Brain Tumor Assessments -- Tumor Grade and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient -- Differentiation of Brain Tumors and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient -- Astrocytomas, Oligodendrogliomas, and Ependymomas -- Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors -- Medulloblastomas, Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, and Ependymomas -- Central Neurocytomas and Subependymomas -- Hemangioblastomas and Other Posterior Cranial Fossa Tumors -- Glioblastomas, Metastatic Tumors, and Malignant Lymphomas -- ̂ Histologic Subtyping of Meningiomas and Schwannomas -- Pituitary and Parasellar Tumors and Others -- Visualizing Tumor Infiltration -- Distinguishing Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Necrosis -- Monitoring Treatment Effects -- Distinguishing Tumor Recurrence from Resection Injury -- Distinguishing Brain Abscesses from Cystic or Necrotic Malignant Tumors -- Distinguishing Toxoplasma Abscesses and Malignant Lymphoma in AIDS -- Study Limitations: Variations in Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Measurements, Selection of Regions of Interest -- Future Directions -- References -- 23. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Tumors Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles / Edward A. Neuwelt -- Introduction -- Biologic and Molecular Characteristics -- Imaging Characteristics -- Experimental Studies -- Human Imaging -- Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Future Directions -- References -- 24. Metastatic Solitary Malignant Brain Tumor: Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Murat Kocaoglu Note continued: Introduction -- Screening and Initial Evaluation -- Imaging Protocol -- Imaging Properties of Solitary Brain Metastasis -- Differential Diagnosis of Solitary Brain Metastasis -- Future Trends and Conclusion -- References -- 25. Brain Tumor Resection: Intra-operative Ultrasound Imaging / Christof Renner -- Introduction -- General Principles -- Transducers (Arrays) -- Modes of Imaging -- Image-Characteristics -- Resolution -- Principles of Intra-Operative Ultrasound Examination -- Efficacy of Intra-Operative Ultrasound -- Conclusion -- References -- 26. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas: Salvage Treatment / Andres J. M. Ferreri -- Introduction -- Diagnostic Work up at Relapse -- Prognostic Factors -- Methodological Issues -- Whole-Brain Radiotherapy -- Chemotherapy -- Single Agent Chemotherapy -- Retreatment with Methotrexate -- Combination Chemotherapy -- ̂ Monoclonal Antibodies -- High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Rescue -- Intrathecal Chemotherapy -- Conclusions -- References -- 27. Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors: Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor / Alexandre Arcaro -- Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor -- Role in CNS Atypical Tratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor -- Analytical Methods -- Immunohistochemistry -- Immunoprecipitation -- Western Blotting -- Quantitative RT-PCR -- Cell Viability -- Detection of Apoptosis -- Evaluation of IGF-I/-II/IGF-IR in CNS AT/RT -- Down-Regulation of IGF-IR -- Therapeutic Significance of IGF-IR in CNS AT/RT -- References -- 28. Central Nervous System Rosai-Dorfman Disease / David Schellingerhout -- Introduction, Epidemioligy and Etiology -- Intracranial RDD: Clincal and Imaging Findings and Diffrential Diagnosis -- Spinal RDD: Clinical and Imaging Findings and Diffrential Diagnosis -- ̂ Histopathological and Definative Diagnosis Note continued: Clinical Course and Treatment -- References Summary This eighth volume in the series Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis discusses in detail the classification of the CNS tumors as well as brain tumor imaging. Scientists and Clinicians have contributed state of the art chapters on their respective areas of expertise, providing the reader a whole field view of the CNS tumors and brain tumor imaging in Europe. This fully illustrated volume: Explains the genetics of malignant brain tumors and gene amplification using quantitative-PCR; Presents a large number of standard and new imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, amide proton transfer imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance single voxel spectroscopy and intraoperative ultrasound imaging, for staging and diagnosing various primary and secondary brain cancers; Explains the usefulness of imaging methods for planning and monitoring (assessment) therapy for cancers; Discusses diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphomas, CNS atypical teratoid/rhabdoid and CNS Rosai-Dorfman disease; Includes the subject of translational medicine. Professor Hayat has summarized the problems associated with the complexities of research publications and has been successful in editing a must-read volume for oncologists, cancer researchers, medical teachers and students of cancer biology Analysis neoplasms chirurgie surgery verpleging nursing radiotherapie radiotherapy biomedische wetenschappen biomedicine oncologie oncology Medicine (General) Geneeskunde (algemeen) Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Subject Brain -- Cancer -- Diagnosis Brain -- Cancer -- Treatment Cancer -- Diagnosis. Cancer -- Treatment. Brain Neoplasms -- diagnosis Brain Neoplasms -- therapy HEALTH & FITNESS -- Diseases -- Cancer. MEDICAL -- Oncology. Médecine. Brain -- Cancer -- Diagnosis Brain -- Cancer -- Treatment Cancer -- Diagnosis Cancer -- Treatment Form Electronic book Author Hayat, M. A., 1940- ISBN 9789048186655 904818665X 9789048186648 9048186641

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