Title Laboratory statistics : methods in chemistry and health science / Anders Kallner

Edition Second edition Published Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, [2018] ©2018

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Description 1 online resource (xiv, 159 pages) : illustrations Contents Machine generated contents note: Formulas -- 1. Basics -- 1.1. Logarithms and Exponents -- 1.2. Significance and Rounding of Numerical Values -- 1.3. Numbers and Rounding in EXCEL -- 1.4. Derivation -- Calculus -- 1.5. Trigonometry -- 1.6. Scales -- Types of Data -- 2. Distributions of Data -- 2.1. Histogram -- 2.2. Central Tendency and Dispersion -- 2.3. Normal and t-Distributions -- 2.4. Transformation of Distributions -- 2.5. Random Numbers and Simulation of a Normal Distribution -- 3. Permutations, Combinations, Probability, Binomial, and Poisson Distributions -- 3.1. Inclusive and Exclusive Events -- 3.2. Probability and Odds -- 3.3. Binomial Distribution -- 3.4. Poisson Distribution -- 3.5. Set Theory and Boolean Algebra -- 4. Robust Estimators -- 4.1. Central Tendency: Median and Mode -- 4.2. Trimmed Averages -- 4.3. Dispersion of Data -- 4.4. Percentiles, Quartiles, and Quantiles -- 5. Uncertainty -- 5.1. Uncertainty Budget -- 5.2. Propagation of Measurement Uncertainty -- 5.3. Estimates of Uncertainty -- 5.4. Rectangular and Triangular Distributions -- 5.5. Reference Change Value and Minimal Difference -- 5.6. Index of Individuality -- 5.7. Rule of Three -- 5.8. Monte Carlo Simulation -- 5.9. Bootstrapping -- 6. Difference Between Results -- 6.1. t-Distribution -- 6.2. Difference -- Two Scenarios -- 6.3. Difference Between Averages; Student's find -- 6.4. Difference Between Paired Results; Student's tind -- 6.5. Comparison Between Many Series -- 6.6. Interpretation of a t-Value -- 6.7. Effect Size -- 6.8. Categorical Data, x2-Test -- 6.9. CHI-Square (x2), in Comparisons -- 6.10. Comparison of Variances -- 7. Nonparametric Comparisons -- 7.1. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for Paired Samples -- 7.2. Mann-Whitney Test for Unpaired Samples -- 8. Analysis of Variance -- 8.1. Definitions and Calculation -- 8.2. ANOVA to Evaluate Differences Between Averages -- 8.3. Nonparametric Methods -- 9. Analysis of Variance Components -- 9.1. Combined Uncertainty -- 10. Regression -- 10.1. Ordinary Linear Regression -- 10.2. Linearity -- 10.3. Residuals -- 10.4. Linear Calibration, Uncertainty of Slope and Intercept -- 10.5. Deming Regression -- 10.6. Weighted Regression -- 10.7. Other Regression Functions -- 10.8. Logistic Regression -- 10.9. Higher Order Regressions -- 10.10. Multivariate Linear Regression -- 11. Correlation and Covariance -- 11.1. Correlation Coefficient -- 11.2. Significance of r -- 11.3. Confidence Interval of r -- 11.4. Coefficient of Determination -- 11.5. Transformation of Regression Data -- 11.6. Spearman Rank Correlation -- 11.7. Covariance -- 11.8. Correlation and Covariance Matrix -- 11.9. Outliers -- 11.10. Leverage -- 12. Comparing Quantities -- 12.1. Comparing Patient Samples -- 12.2. Difference and Mountain Graphs -- 12.3. Youden Plot -- 13. Performance Characteristics -- 13.1. Definitions -- 13.2. Bayes' Theorem -- 13.3. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) -- 14. Interpretation of the Elements of the ROC Analysis -- 14.1. Youden Index -- 14.2. Area Under the Curve (AUC) -- 15. Other Applications -- 15.1. Reference Values -- 16. Estimation of Minimal Sample Size (Power Analysis) -- 16.1. Error Types -- 16.2. Power of a Test -- 16.3. Sample Size -- 16.4. Sample Size if Given the % CV -- 16.5. Odds and Risk Ratio -- 17. Agreement of Categorical Assessments (Kappa (K)-Statistics) -- 17.1. Agreement in a 2 X 2 Table Summary Laboratory Statistics: Methods in Chemistry and Health Science, Second Edition, presents common strategies for comparing and evaluating numerical laboratory data. In particular, the text deals with the type of data and problems that laboratory scientists and students in analytical chemistry, clinical chemistry, epidemiology, and clinical research face on a daily basis. This book takes the mystery out of statistics and provides simple, hands-on instructions in the format of everyday formulas. Spreadsheet shortcuts and functions are included, along with many simple worked examples. This book is a must-have guide to applied statistics in the lab that will result in improved experimental design and analysis. This thoroughly revised second edition includes several new sections, more examples, and all formulas in Excel code Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Subject Research -- Statistical methods Mathematical statistics. Chemistry -- Statistical methods. Medical sciences -- Statistical methods MATHEMATICS -- Applied. MATHEMATICS -- Probability & Statistics -- General. Chemistry -- Statistical methods. Mathematical statistics. Medical sciences -- Statistical methods. Research -- Statistical methods. Form Electronic book ISBN 9780128143490 0128143495 9780128143483 0128143487

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