Title The role of toll-like receptor 4 in infectious and non infectious inflammation / Carlo Rossetti, Francesco Peri, editors

Published Cham : Springer, 2021

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Description 1 online resource Series Progress in Inflammation Research ; v. 87 PIR (Series) ; v. 87. Contents Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Chemically Synthesized TLR4 Ligands, Their Immunological Functions, and Potential as Vaccine Adjuvant -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lipid A, a Stimulant of Innate Immunity -- 3 Vaccines Containing Natural LPS and Lipid A as Adjuvants -- 3.1 Cholera Vaccines -- 3.2 Salmonella Vaccines -- 3.3 Other Vaccines -- 4 LPS and Lipid A Derived from the Environment and from Fermented Foods as Adjuvant Candidates -- 5 Synthetic and Semi-synthetic Lipid As as Adjuvants -- 6 Developing Lipid A Adjuvant Candidates -- 7 Lipid A Based Self-adjuvant Vaccines 8 Conclusions -- References -- Intracellular TLR4 Signaling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB Pathway -- 3 TLR4/TRIF/IRF3 Branch -- 4 Regulation of the TLR4 Intracellular Signaling -- 5 Perspectives -- References -- TLR4 Ligands: Single Molecules and Aggregates -- 1 Basis of LPS Pathophysiology -- 2 Physico-Chemistry of the TLR4 Ligand LPS -- 3 Role of Aggregates in Biological Activity -- 4 From Aggregates to TLR4 Receptor Interaction -- 5 Non-LPS Ligands of TLR4: Aggregate States and Biological Activity -- 6 LPS Aggregates in the Activation of Non-TLR4 Receptors -- 7 Conclusions 3.2.1 CD14 Controls Inflammatory Responses Against External Cues Other than LPS -- 3.2.2 CD14 Mediates the Responses to Endogenous Lipidic Stress Signals -- 3.2.3 CD14 Mediates the Responses to Endogenous Protein Stress Signals -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Toll-Like Receptor 4 Interactions with Neisseria -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mechanism of TLR4 Interaction with Neisseria LOS -- 3 TLR4 in Neisseria meningitidis Infection -- 3.1 Influence of TLR4 Functional Polymorphisms on SMD -- 3.2 TLR4-LOS Inhibition Therapies -- 4 TLR4 in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection 5 Exploiting TLR4 in Neisseria Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation by Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) -- 3 Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) -- 4 Gp96 -- 5 HMGB1 -- 6 S100 Calcium Binding Proteins (Family of Calcium-Binding Cytosolic Proteins) -- 7 Hyaluronic Acid (HA) -- 8 Biglycans -- 9 Tenascin-C -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- TLR4 in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases -- 1 Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases -- 2 TLR4 in AD Summary TLR4 is one of the most important innate immunity receptors, its function mainly consisting in the activation of inflammatory pathways in response to stimulation by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and Damage Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (DAMPs). This volume critically reviews the different types of TLR4 activators and inhibitors, discusses the role of molecular aggregates in agonism/antagonism as well as the pivotal role of the CD14 receptor in the modulation of TLR4 signal and the molecular details and actors of the intracellular cascade. The book presents the role of TLR4 in several pathologies, such as sepsis and septic shock caused by receptor activation by gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer's diseases, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). It reviews the role of TLR4 in neural stem cell-mediated neurogenesis and neuroinflammation and in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cerebral Organoids and discusses the emerging role of micro-RNA (miRNA) regulation by TLR4 Notes Online resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed January 21, 2021) Subject Inflammation -- Mediators. Inflammation -- Immunological aspects. Cell receptors. Proteins. Immunology. Medical microbiology. Communicable diseases. Cancer -- Research. Inflammation Mediators Receptors, Cell Surface Allergy and Immunology Communicable Diseases protein. Cancer -- Research Cell receptors Communicable diseases Immunology Inflammation -- Immunological aspects Inflammation -- Mediators Medical microbiology Proteins Form Electronic book Author Rossetti, Carlo, editor Peri, Francesco, editor ISBN 9783030563196 3030563197

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