Machine derived contents note: 1. Overview -- 2. Food and Nutrients -- 3. The Nature of Variation in Diet -- 4. Short Term Dietary Recall and Recording Methods -- 5. Food Frequency Questionnaire -- 6. Reproducibility and Validity of the Food Frequency Questionnaire -- 7. Recall of Remote Diet -- 8. Surrogate Sources of Dietary Information -- 9. Biochemical Markers of Dietary Intake -- 10. Anthropometric Measures and Body Composition -- 11. Implications of Total Energy Intake -- 12. Correction for the Effects of Measurement Error -- 13. Vitamin A and Lung Cancer -- 14. Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer -- 15. Diet and Coronary Heart Disease -- 16. Future Research Directions