Title Essentials of applied dynamic analysis / Junbo Jia

Published Berlin : Springer-Verlag, [2014] ©2014

Table of Contents
1.	Introduction					1
1.1.	Experiencing Dynamics					1
1.2.	Utilize Dynamics					14
1.3.	Dynamics Versus Statics					19
1.4.	Solving Dynamic Problem					24
1.5.	Pioneers of Dynamic Analysis					29
2.	Governing Equation of Motions					31
2.1.	Dynamic Equilibrium					31
2.2.	Principle of Virtual Displacements					33
2.3.	Hamilton's Principle Through Lagrange's Equations					34
2.4.	Momentum Equilibrium					38
2.5.	Validity of Classical Dynamics					39
3.	Free Vibrations for a Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) System-Translational Oscillations					41
3.1.	Definition of Harmonic Oscillations					41
3.2.	Undamped Free Vibrations of a SDOF System					42
3.3.	Damped Free Vibrations of an SDOF					47
4.	Practical Eigenanalysis and Structural Health Monitoring					55
4.1.	Eigenpairs, Global-, Local- and Rigid-Body Vibrations					55
4.2.	Hand Calculation of Natural Frequency for Systems with Distributed Masses					58
4.2.1.	Classical Method for Exact Solutions					58
4.2.2.	Equivalent System Analysis for Approximate Solutions					61
4.2.3.	Natural Frequency with Distributed Masses: Dunkerley Method for Approximate Solutions					68
4.3.	Using Symmetry and Anti-Symmetry in Eigenanalysis					72
4.4.	Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring					74
5.	Solving Eigenproblem for Continuous Systems: Rayleigh Energy Method					79
6.	Vibration and Buckling Under Axial Loading					87
6.1.	Vibration Versus Buckling					87
6.2.	Vibration and Buckling Under Harmonic Axial Loads					88
6.3.	Eigenvalues Under the Influence of Axial Loads					89
7.	Eigenfrequencies of Non-uniform Beams, Shallow-and Deep Foundations					95
7.1.	Non-uniform Beams					95
7.2.	Shallow and Deep Foundations					97
8.	Deterministic and Stochastic Motions					99
8.1.	Category of Motions					99
8.2.	Deterministic Motions					100
8.3.	Random/Stochastic Process					102
9.	Time Domain to Frequency Domain: Spectrum Analysis					109
9.1.	Fourier Spectrum					109
9.2.	Power Spectrum Density					114
10.	Statistics of Motions and Loads					119
10.1.	Narrow- and Wide-Banded Process					119
10.2.	Gaussian Distribution					121
10.3.	Short-Term Distribution for Continuous Random Process: Rayleigh Distribution					125
10.4.	Long-Term Distribution for Continuous Random Process: Weibull distribution					129
10.5.	Number of Occurrence Within a Fixed Time or Space Interval: Poisson Distribution					132
10.6.	Joint Probability Distribution					134
10.7.	Long-Term Prediction					137
10.8.	Environmental Contour Line Method					138
11.	Forced Vibrations					141
11.1.	Forced Vibrations Under Harmonic Excitations					141
11.1.1.	Responses to Harmonic Force					141
11.1.2.	Responses to Harmonic Base Excitations					152
11.2.	Forced Vibrations Under Complex Periodical Excitations					155
11.3.	Forced Vibrations Under Non-periodical Excitations					156
11.3.1.	Transient Responses to Force Excitation with Short Duration					157
11.3.2.	Responses Due to Arbitrary Base Excitations Using Convolution Integral					161
11.3.3.	Responses to Non-Periodical Excitations with Fourier Integral					162
11.4.	Forced Vibrations Under Random Excitations					164
11.4.1.	Method					164
11.4.2.	White Noise Approximation					169
11.5.	Cross-Covariance, Cross-Spectra Density Function and Coherence Function					170
11.5.1.	Cross-Covariance in Time Domain					170
11.5.2.	Cross-Spectra Density in the Frequency Domain					171
11.5.3.	Coherence Function in the Frequency Domain					171
12.	Calculation of Environmental Loading Based on Power Spectra					173
12.1.	Wave Loads					173
12.1.1.	Calculation of Hydrodynamic Wave Loads					173
12.1.2.	Power Spectrum Density for Ocean Wave Kinematics					175
12.2.	Wind Loads					183
12.2.1.	Calculation of Aerodynamic Wind Load					183
12.2.2.	Power Spectrum Density for Wind Velocity Fields					184
12.3.	Ice Loads on Narrow Conical Structures					196
12.4.	Earthquake Ground Motions					198
12.4.1.	Power Spectrum of Seismic Ground Motions					198
12.4.2.	Spatial Variation of Ground Motions by Coherence Function					200
13.	Vibration of Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom Systems					203
13.1.	Equations of Motions					203
13.2.	Free Vibrations of the Two-Degrees-of-Freedom System: Direct/Exact Method					208
13.3.	Forced Vibrations of Two Degrees-of-Freedom Systems: Direct Method					210
13.4.	Forced Vibrations of MDOF: Modal Superposition Method					211
13.5.	Forced Vibrations of MDOF: Direct Time Integration Method					220
13.5.1.	Introduction to the Method					220
13.5.2.	Explicit Integration Method					224
13.5.3.	Implicit Integration Method					226
13.5.4.	Comparison between Modal Superposition and Direct Time Integration Method					229
13.6.	Lumped and Consistent Mass					230
14.	Damping					233
14.1.	Types of Damping and Its Effects					233
14.2.	Damping Modeling					234
14.2.1.	Pure Viscous Damping					235
14.2.2.	Friction/Coulomb Damping					236
14.2.3.	Frequency-Dependent Hysteretic Damping					238
14.2.4.	Frequency-Independent Hysteretic Damping					240
14.2.5.	Fluid (Hydrodynamic or Aerodynamic) Damping					240
14.2.6.	Equivalent Viscous Damping					241
14.2.7.	Equivalent Viscous Damping with Coulomb Damping					243
14.2.8.	Equivalent Viscous Damping with Frequency Dependent Hysteretic Damping					243
14.2.9.	Practical Damping Modeling for Dynamic Analysis					244
14.3.	Measuring Damping					248
14.3.1.	Free Decay Method					250
14.3.2.	Step Response Method					252
14.3.3.	Hysteresis loop method					253
14.3.4.	Amplification-factor Method from Forced Vibrations					253
14.3.5.	Half-power/Bandwidth Method from Forced Vibrations					254
14.4.	Relationship Among Various Expressions of Damping					255
14.5.	Damping for Engineering Structures					256
14.5.1.	Material Damping					256
14.5.2.	Structural/Slip Damping					257
14.5.3.	System Damping					257
14.5.4.	Hydro- and Aerodynamic Damping					258
14.5.5.	Typical Damping Levels					258
14.6.	Comparison of Cyclic Responses Among Structures Made of Elastic, Viscous and Hysteretic (Viscoelastic) Materials					259
15.	Nonlinear Dynamics					261
15.1.	From Linear to Nonlinear					261
15.2.	Sources of Nonlinearities					263
15.2.1.	Material Nonlinearity					263
15.2.2.	Geometrical Nonlinearity					275
15.2.3.	Buckling					278
15.2.4.	Displacement Boundary Nonlinearity					279
15.2.5.	Force Boundary Nonlinearities					279
15.2.6.	Nonlinearities Due to Temperature Effects					279
15.3.	Load Sequence Effects					280
15.4.	Eigenfrequencies Influenced by Nonlinearities					283
15.4.1.	Material Nonlinearity					283
15.4.2.	Geometrical Nonlinearity					285
15.4.3.	P-Delta (P-it) Effects					288
15.5.	Numerical Solutions for Nonlinear Problem					291
15.5.1.	Characteristics of Nonlinear Responses					291
15.5.2.	Load Control (Newton-Type) Methods					295
15.5.3.	Displacement Control Methods					299
15.5.4.	Load-Displacement Control Method-Arc-Length Method (ALM)					300
16.	Structural Responses Due to Seismic Excitations					303
16.1.	Seismic Ground Motions					303
16.1.1.	Transmission of Seismic Wave from Bedrock to Ground					303
16.1.2.	Resonance Period of Soil-Site Period					304
16.1.3.	The Amplitude and Duration of Bedrock Motions					305
16.1.4.	Spatial Variation of Earthquake Ground Motions					307
16.2.	Seismic Response Spectrum					309
16.2.1.	Introduction					309
16.2.2.	Construction of Response Spectrum					310
16.2.3.	Modal Combination Techniques for Response Spectrum Analysis					312
16.3.	Characteristics of Seismic Responses Varying with Frequencies					314
16.4.	Influences from Structures' Orientations and Ice Covering					316
16.5.	Whipping Effects					317
16.6.	Seismic Analysis Methods					319
17.	Fatigue Assessment					321
17.1.	Failure of Structural Components					321
17.2.	Fatigue Damage Assessment					323
17.2.1.	Classification of Fatigue Assessment Approaches					323
17.2.2.	Stress-Based Approach					324
17.2.3.	Strain-Based Approach					341
17.2.4.	Fracture Mechanics Approach					341
17.2.5.	Cumulative Damage					347
17.3.	Dynamic Analysis Methods for Calculating Fatigue Damage					349
17.3.1.	Deterministic Fatigue Analysis Method					349
17.3.2.	Simplified Fatigue Analysis Approach					351
17.3.3.	Stochastic Fatigue Analysis Method with Narrow-Banded Responses					353
17.3.4.	Deterministic vs Stochastic Fatigue Analysis for Structures Subjected to Wave Loads					360
17.3.5.	Fatigue Analysis Methods Accounting for Bandwidth, Multi-modal Frequency and Nonlinearities					362
18.	Human Body Vibrations					373
18.1.	General					373
18.2.	Criteria Related to Human Body Vibrations					374
19.	Vehicle-Structure Interactions					379
19.1.	Introduction to the Topic					379
19.2.	Physical Modeling					384
19.2.1.	General					384
19.2.2.	Vehicle, Lashing and Tire Models					384
19.2.3.	Modeling of Supporting Structures					391
19.2.4.	Interaction Models for Vehicle and Supporting Structures					393
19.3.	Finite Element Simulations					394
19.4.	Analysis of Vehicle Securing					396
	References					399
	Index					419

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Description 1 online resource (270 pages) : illustrations Series Risk engineering, 2195-433X Risk engineering (Springer (Firm)) 2195-433X Contents Introduction -- Governing Equation of Motions -- Free Vibrations for a Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) System-Translational Oscillations -- Practical Eigenanalysis and Structural Health Monitoring -- Solving Eigenproblem for Continuous Systems: Rayleigh Energy Method -- Vibration and Buckling Under Axial Loading -- Eigenfrequencies of Non-uniform Beams, Shallow and Deep Foundations -- Deterministic and Stochastic Motions -- Time Domain to Frequency Domain: Spectrum Analysis -- Statistics of Motions and Loads -- Forced Vibrations -- Calculation of Environmental Loading Based on Power Spectra -- Vibration of Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom Systems -- Damping -- Nonlinear Dynamics -- Structural Responses Due to Seismic Excitations -- Fatigue Assessment -- Human Body Vibrations -- Vehicle-Structure Interactions Summary This book presents up-to-date knowledge of dynamic analysis in engineering world. To facilitate the understanding of the topics by readers with various backgrounds, general principles are linked to their applications from different angles. Special interesting topics such as statistics of motions and loading, damping modeling and measurement, nonlinear dynamics, fatigue assessment, vibration and buckling under axial loading, structural health monitoring, human body vibrations, and vehicle-structure interactions etc., are also presented. The target readers include industry professionals in civil, marine and mechanical engineering, as well as researchers and students in this area Notes Print version record Subject Dynamics. TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Engineering (General) TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Reference. Ingénierie. Dynamics Form Electronic book ISBN 9783642370038 3642370039

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