Title Toxicological effects of veterinary medicinal products in humans. Volume 1 / Kevin N. Woodward

Published Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, ©2013

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Description 1 online resource (xv, 398 pages) Series Issues in toxicology ; 14 Issues in toxicology ; 14. Contents Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Occupational Health and Safety Among Veterinarians and Veterinary Workers -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Physical Injuries -- 1.2.1. Accidents and Related Incidents -- 1.2.2. Needlestick Injuries -- 1.2.3. Zoonotic Diseases -- 1.2.4. Dermatoses -- 1.2.5. Allergies -- 1.2.6. Neoplastic Diseases -- 1.2.7. Specific Risks for Women -- 1.2.8. Mental Health -- 1.3. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 2 Regulation of Veterinary Medicines -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Criteria for Evaluation and Authorisation of Veterinary Medicinal Products -- 2.3. European Union Legislation -- 2.3.1. The National Procedure -- 2.3.2. The Mutual Recognition Procedure -- 2.3.3. The Decentralised Procedure -- 2.3.4. The Centralised Procedure -- 2.3.5. Maximum Residue Limits -- 2.3.6. Pharmacovigilance -- 2.4. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 3 Consumer Safety -- Maximum Residue Limits -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Establishment of MRLs in the EU -- 3.3. MRLs -- Other Considerations Note continued: 3.4. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) -- 3.5. Practical Uses of MRLs -- 3.6. Residues Surveillance -- 3.6.1. Residues and Residues Studies -- 3.6.2. Residues Surveillance for Veterinary Drugs in the UK -- 3.7. Residues Avoidance -- 3.8. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 4 The Assessment of User Safety -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The Assessment Process -- 4.2.1. Hazard Identification and Assessment -- 4.2.2. Exposure Assessment -- 4.3. Biological Monitoring -- 4.4. Risk Assessment -- 4.5. Risk Management -- 4.6. Risk Communication -- 4.7. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 5 General Anaesthetics -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Human Health Concerns -- 5.3. Inhalation Anaesthetics -- 5.3.1. Nitrous Oxide -- 5.3.2. Halothane -- 5.3.3. Isoflurane -- 5.3.4. Sevoflurane -- 5.3.5. Enflurane -- 5.4. Injectable Anaesthetics -- 5.4.1. Propofol -- 5.4.2. Barbiturates -- 5.4.3. Etomidate -- 5.4.4. Ketamine -- 5.5. Conclusions -- References Note continued: ch. 6 Veterinary Products Containing Pesticide Active Ingredients -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Toxicity of Individual Substances -- 6.2.1. Pyrethroids -- 6.2.2. Overview of the Toxic Effects of the Pyrethroids in Animals -- 6.2.3. Toxicity to Humans -- 6.3. Imidacloprid -- 6.3.1. Effects in Humans -- 6.4.Organophosphorus Compounds -- 6.4.1. Diazinon -- 6.4.2. Azamethiphos -- 6.5. Metaflumizone -- 6.6. Indoxacarb -- 6.7. Fipronil -- 6.7.1. Toxicity to Humans -- 6.8. Amitraz -- 6.8.1. Toxicity to Humans -- 6.9. Dicyclanil -- 6.10. Cyromazine -- 6.10.1. Effects in Humans -- 6.11. Benzoylureas -- Diflubenzuron/Lufenuron/Teflubenzuron -- 6.12. Spinosad -- 6.13. Macrocyclic Lactones -- 6.13.1. Metabolism -- 6.13.2. Toxicology -- 6.13.3. Summary of Laboratory Animal Toxicity Studies -- 6.13.4. Factors Affecting Toxicity -- 6.14. Adverse Effects in Target Species -- 6.15. Human Toxicity -- 6.16. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 7 Antineoplastic Drugs -- 7.1. Introduction Note continued: 7.2. Classification of Antineoplastic Drugs -- 7.2.1. The Alkylating Agents -- 7.2.2. Inhibitors of Mitosis -- 7.2.3. Antimetabolites -- 7.2.4. Antibiotics -- 7.2.5. Platinum Drugs -- 7.3. Toxicity -- 7.4. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 8 Antimicrobial Drugs -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The [beta]-Lactam Drugs -- 8.2.1. The Penicillins -- 8.2.2. The Cephalosporins -- 8.2.3. Aminoglycosides -- 8.2.4. Aminocyclitols -- 8.2.5. The Quinolones -- 8.2.6. Macrolides -- 8.2.7. The Phenicols -- 8.2.8. Tetracyclines -- 8.2.9. Polyether Ionophore Antibiotics -- 8.2.10. Lincosamides -- 8.2.11. Polymixins -- 8.2.12. Pleuromutilins -- 8.2.13. Bacitracin -- 8.2.14. Avilamycin -- 8.2.15. Trimethoprim, Baquiloprim and Sulfonamides -- 8.2.16. Quinoxaline-N-Oxides -- 8.2.17. Other Antibiotic Growth Promoters -- 8.2.18. Nitrofurans -- 8.2.19. Fusidic Acid -- 8.2.20. Novobiocin -- 8.2.21. Rifaximin -- 8.2.22. Dapsone -- 8.2.23. Chlorhexidine -- 8.3. Conclusions -- References Note continued: ch. 9 Human Safety of Coccidiostats: A European Perspective -- Derek W. Renshaw -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.1.1. Coccidiosis, Coccidiostats and Anticoccidial Medicines -- 9.1.2. Human Exposure -- 9.1.3.Committees that Evaluate the Safety of Coccidiostats -- 9.2. Approaches Taken to Ensure the Human Safety of Coccidiostats -- 9.2.1. Consumer Safety -- 9.2.2. User Safety -- 9.2.3. Inconsistencies in the Values of ADIs -- 9.2.4. Inconsistencies in the Approaches Used to Establish MRLs -- 9.2.5. Cross-contamination of Feed with Coccidiostats -- 9.3. The Safety of Authorised Coccidiostats -- 9.3.1. Ionophoric Polyether Coccidiostats -- 9.3.2. Non-ionophoric Coccidiostats -- 9.3.3. Other Anticoccidial Substances -- 9.4. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 10 Organophospliorus Veterinary Medicines -- Timothy C. Marrs -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Anticholinesterase Activity -- 10.3. Clinical Effects -- 10.3.1. Syndromes Associated with OP Exposure -- 10.3.2. Other Effects of OPs Note continued: 10.3.3. Diagnostic Tests and Biomarkers -- 10.3.4. Management of OP Poisoning -- 10.4. Exposure and Regulatory Aspects -- 10.4.1. European Union -- 10.4.2. USA -- 10.4.3. Interpretation of Regulatory Studies -- 10.4.4. Pharmacovigilance -- 10.5. Sheep Dips in the United Kingdom -- 10.5.1. Introduction -- 10.5.2. Treatments -- 10.5.3.Organophosphate Plunge Dips -- 10.6. Conclusion -- References -- ch. 11 Antifungal Drugs -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Griseofulvin -- 11.3. Amphotericin B and Other Polyenes -- 11.4. The Azoles -- 11.4.1. Steroidogenesis Inhibition -- 11.4.2. Hepatotoxicity -- 11.4.3. Other Effects -- 11.5. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 12 Antiparasitic Drugs -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Individual Drugs or Groups of Drugs -- 12.2.1. The Benzimidazoles -- 12.2.2. Levamisole -- 12.2.3. Salicylanilides -- 12.2.4. Clorsulon -- 12.2.5. Tetrahydropyrimidines -- 12.2.6. Pyrazinoisoquinolones -- 12.2.7. Monepantel -- 12.2.8. Piperazine -- 12.2.9. Diethylcarbamazine Note continued: 12.2.10. Nitroxynil -- 12.2.11. Halofuginone -- 12.2.12. Nitroimidazoles -- 12.2.13. Imidocarb -- 12.2.14. The Trypanocidal Drugs -- Isometamidium and Diminazene -- 12.2.15. Emodepside -- 12.3. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 13 Some Other Pharmacologically Active Drugs -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Opiates and Synthetic Opiates -- 13.2.1. Etorphine -- 13.2.2. Butorphanol -- 13.2.3. Buprenorphine -- 13.2.4. Fentanyl -- 13.3. Euthanasia Agents -- 13.4. Neuroactive Steroids -- 13.5. Sedative Agents -- 13.5.1.[alpha]2-Receptor Adrenergic Agonists -- 13.5.2. Phenothiazines -- 13.5.3. Butyrophenone Neuroleptic Agents -- 13.6. Carazolol -- 13.7. Clenbuterol -- 13.8. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs -- 13.8.1. Gastrointestinal Effects -- 13.8.2. Cardiac Effects -- 13.8.3. Nephrotoxicity -- 13.8.4. Phenylbutazone -- 13.9. Tropane Alkaloids -- 13.10. Local Anaesthetics -- 13.11. Antiepileptic Drugs -- 13.11.1. Potassium Bromide -- 13.12. Substances with Hormonal Activity Note continued: 13.12.1. Insulin -- 13.12.2. Steroid Hormones -- 13.13. Corticosteroids -- 13.14. Prostaglandins -- 13.15. Somatotropins -- 13.16. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 14 Human Safety of Veterinary Vaccines -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Zoonotic Diseases -- 14.3. Physical Injury -- High-pressure Injection Injuries -- 14.4. Human Consumer Safety of Vaccine Excipients -- 14.5. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 15 Adverse Drug Reactions in Humans -- Data from Veterinary Pharmacovigilance Schemes -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. The Suspected Adverse Reactions Reporting Scheme -- United Kingdom -- 15.2.1. Dog and Cat Products Containing Imidacloprid -- 15.2.2. Sprays Containing Dichlorvos -- 15.2.3.Organophosphorus Sheep Dips -- 15.3. Adverse Reaction Reporting in the USA -- 15.4. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 16 Veterinary Medicines and the Environment -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Human Pharmaceuticals -- 16.3. Veterinary Pharmaceuticals Note continued: 16.3.1. Regulation of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Environmental Safety -- 16.3.2. Adverse Environmental Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products -- 16.3.3. Reporting of Environmental Adverse Events and Incidents with Veterinary Medicines -- 16.4. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 17 Potential Adverse Microbiological Effects of Antimicrobials -- P. Silky -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. Antimicrobial Resistance and Campylobacter Species -- 17.2.1. Why is Campylobacter Important? -- 17.2.2. What Do We Know About Resistance Development in Campylobacter? -- 17.3. Acceptable Daily Intake of Antimicrobial Residues -- 17.3.1. Steps in Determining the Need for a Microbiological ADI -- 17.3.2. How the Data are Handled -- Colonization Barrier -- 17.3.3. Calculations -- 17.3.4. How the Data are Handled -- Resistance Development -- 17.3.5. Guideline Revision -- 17.4. Concluding Thoughts -- References Summary Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans is the first definitive guide to discuss the adverse effects of veterinary medicinal products in humans. The chapters focus on occupational safety and consumer issues and examine the circumstances under which exposure is likely to occur. To be in context, it reviews this against the background of adverse health effects from other sources in the veterinary and farming professions. The book examines adverse drug effects reported to regulatory agencies (mainly the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine) and then considers a series of Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Subject Veterinary drugs -- Toxicology Veterinary medicine. veterinary medicine. Veterinary drugs -- Toxicology Veterinary medicine Form Electronic book ISBN 9781849735483 1849735484

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