Intro -- International Strategy: Context, Concepts and Implications -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Perspective -- Audience -- Reading the Text -- Introduction: Motivation and Definition -- What is International Strategy? -- Challenge -- Motivation -- Critical Choices -- Definition of International Strategy -- References and Further Reading -- PART ONE The Context Facing Multinational Firms -- 1 The Ubiquity and Importance of International Competition -- Motivation -- Extent of Global Economic Interdependence -- Twenty-First-Century Differences
Is the World Really That Integrated? -- Future of Globalization -- Drivers of Globalization -- The "Globalization" Debate -- Definition -- Benefits -- Drawbacks -- Responses to Globalization -- Public Policy Implications -- Implications for Managers -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References and Further Reading -- 2 Why Do Firms Go International? -- Motivation -- Principles -- Intrinsic Competitive Advantage -- Activities and Flows -- Multimarket Transfer of Resources and Stocks -- What is a Firms International Advantage? -- Leverage an Existing Advantage -- Create a New Advantage
Offensive and Defensive Motivations -- Why Inside the Firm? Internalization Advantage -- Pragmatic Explanation -- Better-off Test -- Ownership Test -- Notes -- References and Further Reading -- PART TWO Conceptual Framework: What is Different about International Strategy? -- 3 What is Distinctively International about International Strategy? -- Principles -- The Rule of Four -- Motivation -- Differences in International Competition -- Product Market Heterogeneity -- Factor Market Heterogeneity -- Volatility -- Scale -- Why do Borders Matter? -- Critical Decisions -- What Product?
Where to Locate? -- Which Country? -- How to Organize? -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References and Further Reading -- 4 What is Uniquely Strategic about International Strategy? -- Motivation -- The Rule of Four -- Strategic Tradeoffs -- What Product? -- Where to Locate? -- Which Country? -- How to Organize? -- Conclusion -- Sources of International Advantage -- Augment -- Arbitrage -- Aggregate -- Agglomerate -- Conclusion: The Rule of Four Revisited -- Summary: Need for an International Strategy -- Notes -- References and Further Reading -- 5 Generic International Strategies -- Motivation
Principles -- Need for an International Strategy -- Generic International Strategies -- Local -- Export -- Import -- Multidomestic -- Global -- Regional -- Transnational -- Implications of Generic Strategies -- International Strategy Statement -- Notes -- References and Further Reading -- 6 Choice of Generic International Strategy -- Principles -- Business System Similarity -- Extent of Interdependencies Among Countries -- Current Differences in CSAs -- Extent of Volatility -- Implications of Choice of International Strategy -- Notes -- References and Further Reading
