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E-book

Title Encyclopedia of natural hazards / edited by Peter T. Bobrowsky
Published Dordrecht ; New York : Springer, [2013]
©2013

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Description 1 online resource (xl, 1133 pages) : illustrations (chiefly color), maps (chiefly color)
Series Encyclopedia of earth sciences series, 1388-4360
Springer reference
Encyclopedia of earth sciences.
Springer reference.
Contents A. AA-LAVA / Robert Buchwaldt -- Accelerometer / Zhengwen Zeng, Lin Fa -- Acid Rain / Mary J. Thornbush -- Adaptation / Philipp Schmidt-Thomé, Sirkku Juhola -- Airphoto and Satellite Imagery / J.D. Mollard -- Albedo / Alan W. Harris -- Antecedent Conditions / Michael James Crozier, Nick Preston, Thomas Glade -- Arsenic in Groundwater / Arindam Basu -- Asteroid / Alan W. Harris -- Asteroid Impact / Christian Koeberl -- Asteroid Impact Mitigation / Clark R. Chapman -- Asteroid Impact Predictions / Brian G. Marsden (Deceased) -- Automated Local Evaluation in Real Time (ALERT) / Lev I. Dorman -- Avalanches / Chris Stethem -- Aviation (Hazards to) / Thomas Gerz, Ulrich Schumann -- Avulsion / Joann Mossa
B. Base Surge / Catherine J. Hickson -- Beach Nourishment (Replenishment) / Charles W. Finkl -- Beaufort Wind Scale / Tom Beer -- Biblical Events / Jerry T. Mitchell -- Body Wave / Zhengwen Zeng, Lin Fa -- Breakwaters / Giovanni Cuomo -- Building Code / Rohit Jigyasu -- Building Failure / Tiziana Rossetto -- Buildings, Structures, and Public Safety / John M. Logan
C. Calderas / James W. Cole -- Casualties Following Natural Hazards / Kerrianne Watt, Philip Weinstein -- Challenges to Agriculture / Julie A. March -- Civil Protection and Crisis Management / Scira Menoni, Antonio Pugliano -- Classification of Natural Disasters / Thomas Glade, David E. Alexander -- Climate Change / Jasper Knight -- Cloud Seeding / Steven T. Siems -- Coal Fire (Underground) / Glenn B. Stracher -- Coastal Erosion / Wayne Stephenson -- Coastal Zone Risk Management / Norm Catto -- Cognitive Dissonance / Jaroslaw Dzialek -- Collapsing Soil Hazards / Andrew J. Stumpf -- Comet / Paul R. Weissman -- Communicating Emergency Information* / John H. Sorensen -- Community Management of Natural Hazards / William T. Hartwell -- Complexity Theory / William H.K. Lee -- Concrete Structures / Murat Saatcioglu -- Convergence / Ilan Kelman -- Coping Capacity / Virginia R. Burkett -- Cost-Benefit Analysis of Natural Hazard Mitigation / Sven Fuchs -- Costs (Economic) of Natural Hazards and Disasters / Howard Kunreuther, Erwann Michel-Kerjan -- Creep / Piotr Migoń -- Critical Incident Stress Syndrome / Ann M. Mitchell, Kirstyn Kameg -- Critical Infrastructure / Susanne Krings -- Cryological Engineering / Lukas U. Arenson, Sarah M. Springman -- Cultural Heritage and Natural Hazards / Piotr Migoń
D. Damage and the Built Environment / Adriana Galderisi, Andrea Ceudech -- Debris Avalanche / Marco Giardino -- Debris Flow / Oldrich Hungr -- Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation / Mauro Soldati -- Desertification / Nicholas Lancaster -- Disaster Diplomacy / Ilan Kelman -- Disaster Relief / Jane Carter Ingram -- Disaster Research and Policy, History / J.C. Gaillard, Ilan Kelman -- Disaster Risk Management / N. Nirupama -- Disaster Risk Reduction / Walter J. Ammann -- Disasters / Ian Stewart -- Dispersive Soil Hazards / Andrew J. Stumpf -- Doppler Weather Radar / Rodger A. Brown -- Dose Rate* / Cathy Scheib -- Drought / Suzanne Hollins, John Dodson -- Dust Bowl / Richard Seager, Benjamin I. Cook -- Dust Devil / Nilton O. Rennó -- Dust Storm / Nilton O. Rennó -- Dvorak Classification of Hurricanes / Raymond Zehr
E. Early Warning Systems / Graham S. Leonard, Chris E. Gregg, David M. Johnston -- Earthquake / John F. Cassidy -- Earthquake Damage / Nicolas Desramaut, Hormoz Modaressi, Gonéri Le Cozannet -- Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting / Alik T. Ismail-Zadeh -- Earthquake Resistant Design / Tiziana Rossetto, Philippe Duffour -- Economic Valuation of Life / Mohammed H.I. Dore, Rajiv G. Singh -- Economics of Disasters / Pierre-Alain Schieb -- Education and Training for Emergency Preparedness / Kevin R. Ronan -- Elastic Rebound Theory / John Ristau -- Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) / Norman Kerle -- El Niño/Southern Oscillation / Michael Ghil, Ilya Zaliapin -- Emergency Management / Michael K. Lindell -- Emergency Mapping / Frank Fiedrich, Sisi Zlatanova -- Emergency Planning / Scira Menoni -- Emergency Shelter / Camillo Boano, William Hunter -- Epicenter / Valerio Comerci -- Epidemiology of Disease in Natural Disasters / Gilbert M. Burnham -- Erosion / Matija Zorn, Blaž Komac -- Erosivity / Matija Zorn, Blaž Komac -- Eruption Types (Volcanic Eruptions) / Catherine J. Hickson, T.C. Spurgeon, R.I. Tilling -- Evacuation / Graham A. Tobin, Burrell E. Montz, Linda M. Whiteford -- Expansive Soils and Clays / Ghulappa S. Dasog, Ahmet R. Mermut -- Expert (Knowledge-Based) Systems for Disaster Management / Jean-Marc Tacnet, Corinne Curt -- Exposure to Natural Hazards / Jörn Birkmann -- Extensometers / Erik Eberhardt P. Eng. -- Extinction / Ross D.E. MacPhee -- Extreme Value Theory / Gianfausto Salvadori -- Eyjafjallajökull Eruptions 2010 / Freysteinn Sigmundsson
F. Fault / William A. Bryant -- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) / Vincent R. Parisi -- Fetch / Norm Catto -- Fire and Firestorms / John Radke -- Flash Flood / Yang Hong, Pradeep Adhikari, Jonathan J. Gourley -- Flood Deposits / János Kovács -- Flood Hazard and Disaster / Yang Hong, Pradeep Adhikari, Jonathan J. Gourley -- Flood Protection / Fernando Nardi -- Flood stage / Fernando Nardi -- Floodplain / Klement Tockner -- Floodway / Armand LaRocque -- Fog Hazard Mitigation / Steve LaDochy, Michael R. Witiw -- Fog Hazards / Paul J. Croft -- Föhn / Anita Bokwa -- Forest and Range Fires / George Eftychidis -- Frequency and Magnitude of Events / Lionel E. Jackson Jr. -- Frost Hazard / Leanne Webb, Richard L. Snyder -- Fujita Tornado Scale / Thomas W. Schmidlin -- Fumarole / Travis W. Heggie
G. Galeras Volcano, Colombia / Barry Voight, Marta L. Calvache -- Gas-Hydrates / Harsh K. Gupta, Kalachand Sain -- Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Natural Hazards / Paolo Tarolli, Marco Cavalli -- Geographic Information Technology / Brigitte Leblon -- Geohazards / Blaž Komac, Matija Zorn -- Geological/Geophysical Disasters / Richard Guthrie -- Glacier Hazards / John J. Clague -- Global Change and Its Implications for Natural Disasters / Gonéri Le Cozannet, Hormoz Modaressi, Nicolas Desramaut -- Global Dust / Edward Derbyshire -- Global Network of Civil Society Organizations for Disaster Reduction / Terry Gibson -- Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Natural Hazards / Norman Kerle -- Global Seismograph Network (GSN) / Allison Bent
H. Haiti Earthquake 2010: Psychosocial Impacts / James M. Shultz, Louis Herns Marcelin -- Harmonic Tremor / Melanie Kelman -- Hazard / Farrokh Nadim -- Hazard and Risk Mapping / Brian R. Marker -- Hazardousness of a Place / Netra Raj Regmi, John Rick Giardino, John D. Vitek -- Heat Waves / em. Gerd Tetzlaff -- High-Rise Buildings in Natural Disaster / Murat Saatcioglu -- Historical Events / Suzanne A.G. Leroy, Raisa Gracheva -- Hospitals in Disaster / Jeffrey N. Rubin -- Human Impacts of Hazards / Douglas Paton, David M. Johnston, Sarb Johal -- Humanity as an Agent of Natural Disasters / Thomas Glade, Andreas Dix -- Hurricane (Typhoon, Cyclone) / Robert Korty -- Hurricane Katrina / Joann Mossa -- Hydrocompaction Subsidence / Andrew J. Stumpf -- Hydrograph, Flood / Fernando Nardi -- Hydrometeorological Hazards / Gordon McBean -- Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 / Pedro Basabe -- Hypocenter / Maurice Lamontagne
I. Ice and Icebergs / Norm Catto -- Ice Storms / Ronald E. Stewart -- Impact Airblast / Natalia Artemieva -- Impact Ejecta / Christian Koeberl -- Impact Fireball / Peter Brown -- Impact Firestorms / Tamara Goldin -- Impact Tsunamis / Galen Gisler -- Impact Winter / Owen Brian Toon -- Inclinometers / Erik Eberhardt P. Eng. -- Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004 / Franck Lavigne, Raphaël Paris, Frédéric Leone, J.C. Gaillard -- Induced Seismicity / Maurice Lamontagne ing., -- Information and Communication Technology / Peter S. Anderson -- Insect Hazards / Philip Weinstein -- I -- Insurance / Mr. Jaroslaw Dzialek -- Integrated Emergency Management System / Univ.-Ing. Frank Fiedrich -- Intensity Scales / David Giles -- International Strategies for Disaster Reduction (IDNDR and ISDR) / Karl-Otto Zentel, Thomas Glade -- Internet, World Wide Web and Natural Hazards / Lucy Stanbrough M. Sc. -- Isoseismal / Valerio Comerci
J. Jökulhlaups / Marten Geertsema -- K. Karst Hazards / Viacheslav Andreychouk, Andrzej Tyc -- Krakatoa (Krakatau) / Bill McGuire -- L -- Lahar / Richard B. Waitt -- Land Degradation / Matija Zorn, Blaž Komac -- Land Subsidence / Brian R. Marker -- Land Use, Urbanization, and Natural Hazards / Brian R. Marker -- Landsat Satellite / Ma María Asunción Soriano -- Landslide / John J. Clague -- Landslide Dam / Reginald L. Hermanns -- Landslide Impacts / Michael James Crozier, Nick Preston, Thomas Glade -- Landslide Inventory / Javier Hervás -- Landslide Triggered Tsunami, Displacement Wave / Reginald L. Hermanns, Jean-Sébastien L'Heureux, Lars H. Blikra -- Landslide Types / David Cruden -- Land-Use Planning / Stefan Greiving, Philipp Schmidt-Thomé -- Lateral Spreading / Steven L. Kramer -- Lava / Robert Buchwaldt -- Levee / Joann Mossa -- Lightning / Leopoldo C. Cancio -- Liquefaction / Steven L. Kramer -- Livelihoods and Disasters / J.C. Gaillard -- Loess / János Kovács, György Varga
M. Macroseismic Survey / Roger M.W. Musson -- Magma / Catherine J. Hickson, T.C. Spurgeon, R.I. Tilling -- Magnitude Measures / David Giles -- Marginality / Ben Wisner -- Marine Hazards / Tore Jan Kvalstad -- Mass Media and Natural Disasters / Wojciech Biernacki -- Mass Movement / Roy C. Sidle -- Megacities and Natural Hazards / Norman Kerle, Annemarie Müller -- Mega-Fires in Greece (2007) / George Eftychidis -- Mercalli, Giuseppe (1850-1914) / Valerio Comerci -- Meteorite / Jay Melosh -- Methane Release from Hydrate / Graham Westbrook -- Mining Subsidence Induced Fault Reactivation / Laurance Donnelly -- Misconceptions About Natural Disasters / Timothy R.H. Davies -- Mitigation / Farrokh Nadim -- Modified Mercalli (MM) Scale / Valerio Comerci -- Monitoring Natural Hazards / Michel Jaboyedoff, Pascal Horton, Marc-Henri Derron, Céline Longchamp -- Monsoons / Song Yang, Viviane Silva, Wayne Higgins -- Montserrat Eruptions / Katherine Donovan -- Mortality and Injury in Natural Disasters / Shannon Doocy -- Mt Pinatubo / Katherine Donovan -- Mud Volcanoes / Behruz M. Panahi -- Mudflow / Christophe Ancey -- Myths and Misconceptions in Disasters / Alejandro López Carresi
N. Natural Hazard / Anita Bokwa -- Natural Hazards in Developing Countries / Paolo Paron -- Natural Radioactivity* / Cathy Scheib B. Sc., M. Sc. -- Neotectonics / James P. McCalpin -- Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia 1985 / Barry Voight, Marta L. Calvache, Minard L. Hall, Maria Luisa Monsalve -- North Anatolian Fault / Thomas Rockwell -- Nuée Ardente / Catherine J. Hickson, T.C. Spurgeon, R.I. Tilling -- O -- Overgrazing / Norm Catto -- Ozone / Tom Beer -- Ozone Loss / Mary J. Thornbush
P. Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (PTWS) / Laura S.L. Kong -- Pahoehoe Lava / Robert Buchwaldt -- Paleoflood Hydrology / Gerardo Benito -- Paleoseismology / Alan R. Nelson -- Paraglacial / Jasper Knight -- Perception of Natural Hazards and Disasters / Jaroslaw Dzialek -- Permafrost / Julian B. Murton -- Piezometer / Sylvi Haldorsen -- Piping Hazard / Michael James Crozier, Nick Preston, Thomas Glade -- Planning Measures and Political Aspects / Brian R. Marker -- Plate Tectonics / John Ristau -- Pore-Water Pressure* / Mark E. Reid -- Post Disaster Mass Care Needs / Frank Fiedrich, John R. Harrald, Theresa Jefferson -- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) / Fran H. Norris -- Primary Wave (P-Wave) / Allison Bent -- Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) / Armand LaRocque -- Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) / Gerd Tetzlaff, Janek Zimmer -- Psychological Impacts of Natural Disasters / James M. Shultz, Yuval Neria M.A., Ph. D., Andrea Allen -- Pyroclastic Flow / Robert Buchwaldt -- Q -- Queensland Floods (2010-2011) and "Tweeting" / France Cheong, Christopher Cheong -- Quick Clay / Marten Geertsema -- Quick Sand / János Kovács
R. Radiation Hazards / Lev I. Dorman -- Radon Hazards* / James D. Appleton -- Recovery and Reconstruction After Disaster / Michael K. Lindell -- Recurrence Interval / Glenn Biasi -- Red Cross and Red Crescent / Donald J. Shropshire -- Red Tides / Philip Weinstein -- Reflections on Modeling Disaster / David A. Etkin -- Release Rates / Pat E. Rasmussen -- Religion and Hazards / Heather Sangster, Angus M. Duncan, David K. Chester -- Remote Sensing of Natural Hazards and Disasters / Norman Kerle -- Reservoir, Dams, and Seismicity / Maurice Lamontagne Ing., -- Resilience / Adriana Galderisi, Floriana F. Ferrara -- Richter, Charles Francis (1900-1985) / Susan Hough -- Rights and Obligations in International Humanitarian Assistance / George Kent -- Rip Current / Wayne Stephenson -- Risk / Jörn Birkmann -- Risk Assessment / Suzanne Lacasse -- Risk Governance / Stefan Greiving, Thomas Glade -- Risk Perception and Communication / Michael K. Lindell -- Rock Avalanche (Sturzstrom) / Reginald L. Hermanns -- Rockfall / Fausto Guzzetti -- Rogue Wave / Norm Catto -- Rotational Seismology / William H.K. Lee
S. Sackung / Michael J. Bovis -- Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale / Ilan Kelman -- San Andreas Fault / William A. Bryant -- Santorini, Eruption / Yuri Gorokhovich -- Sea Level Change / Peter J. Hawkes -- Secondary Wave (S-Wave) / Allison Bent -- Sedimentation of Reservoirs / Anton J. Schleiss -- Seiche / Giovanni Cuomo -- Seismic Gap / John F. Cassidy -- Seismograph/Seismometer / Allison Bent -- Seismology / Alik T. Ismail-Zadeh -- Shear / Murat Saatcioglu -- Shield Volcano / Raphaël Paris -- Sinkhole / María Asunción Soriano -- Slide and Slump / Lionel E. Jackson Jr. -- Slope Stability / Kaare Høeg -- Snowstorm and Blizzard / Thomas W. Schmidlin -- Social-Ecological Systems / Fabrice G. Renaud -- Sociology of Disaster / Alison Herring -- Solar Flares / David H. Boteler -- Solifluction / Piotr Migoń -- Space Weather / David H. Boteler -- Storm Surges / Gonéri Le Cozannet, -- Hormoz Modaressi, Rodrigo Pedreros, Manuel Garcin, Yann Krien -- Storms / Norm Catto -- Stratovolcanoes / Shane J. Cronin -- Structural Damage Caused by Earthquakes / Murat Saatcioglu -- Structural Mitigation / Murat Saatcioglu -- Subduction / Alik T. Ismail-Zadeh -- Subsidence Induced by Underground Extraction / Devin L. Galloway -- Sunspots / David H. Boteler -- Supernova / Lev I. Dorman -- Surge / Giovanni Cuomo -- Susceptibility / María José Domínguez-Cuesta
T. Tangshan, China (1976 Earthquake) / Zhengwen Zeng, Chenghu Wang -- Tectonic and Tectono-Seismic Hazards / James P. McCalpin -- Tectonic Tremor / David Shelly -- Thunderstorms / Colin Price -- Tidal Bores / Hubert Chanson -- Tiltmeters / Erik Eberhardt P. Eng. -- Time and Space in Disaster / Thomas Glade, Michael James Crozier, Nick Preston -- Tohoku, Japan (2011 Earthquake and Tsunami) / Kenji Satake -- Torino Scale / Norm Catto -- Tornadoes / Matthew R. Clark, R. Paul Knightley -- Triggered Earthquakes / Harsh K. Gupta -- Tsunami / William Power, Graham S. Leonard -- Tsunami Loads on Infrastructure / Dan Palermo, Ioan Nistor, Murat Saatcioglu
U. Uncertainty / Philipp Schmidt-Thomé -- United Nations Organizations and Natural Disasters / Badaoui Rouhban -- Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) / Armand LaRocque -- Unreinforced Masonry Buildings / Fabio Taucer -- Urban Environments and Natural Hazards / Pat E. Rasmussen -- Usoi Landslide and Lake Sarez / Alexander Strom -- V. Vaiont Landslide, Italy / Monica Ghirotti, Doug Stead -- Vesuvius / Bill McGuire -- Volcanic Ash / Thomas Wilson, Carol Stewart -- Volcanic Gas / Travis W. Heggie -- Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions / Sue C. Loughlin -- Vulnerability / Susan L. Cutter -- W. Warning Systems / Graham S. Leonard, David M. Johnston, Chris E. Gregg -- Waterspout / Miquel Gayà -- Wenchuan, China (2008 Earthquake) / Zhengwen Zeng, Chenghu Wang -- Wildfire / Brigitte Leblon, Laura Bourgeau-Chavez -- World Economy, Impact of Disasters / Ilan Noy -- Worldwide Trends in Natural Disasters / Margreth Keiler -- Z. Zoning / Philipp Schmidt-Thomé, Stefan Greiving
Summary Few subjects have caught the attention of the entire world as much as those dealing with natural hazards. The first decade of this new millennium provides a litany of tragic examples of various hazards that turned into disasters affecting millions of individuals around the globe. The human losses (some 225,000 people) associated with the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the economic costs (approximately 200 billion USD) of the 2011 Tohoku Japan earthquake, tsunami and reactor event, and the collective social impacts of human tragedies experienced during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 all provide repetitive reminders that we humans are temporary guests occupying a very active and angry planet. Any examples may have been cited here to stress the point that natural events on Earth may, and often do, lead to disasters and catastrophes when humans place themselves into situations of high risk. Few subjects share the true interdisciplinary dependency that characterizes the field of natural hazards. From geology and geophysics to engineering and emergency response to social psychology and economics, the study of natural hazards draws input from an impressive suite of unique and previously independent specializations. Natural hazards provide a common platform to reduce disciplinary boundaries and facilitate a beneficial synergy in the provision of timely and useful information and action on this critical subject matter. As social norms change regarding the concept of acceptable risk and human migration leads to an explosion in the number of megacities, coastal over-crowding and unmanaged habitation in precarious environments such as mountainous slopes, the vulnerability of people and their susceptibility to natural hazards increases dramatically. Coupled with the concerns of changing climates, escalating recovery costs, a growing divergence between more developed and less developed countries, the subject of natural hazards remains on the forefront of issues that affect all people, nations, and environments all the time. This treatise provides a compendium of critical, timely and very detailed information and essential facts regarding the basic attributes of natural hazards and concomitant disasters. The Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards effectively captures and integrates contributions from an international portfolio of almost 300 specialists whose range of expertise addresses over 330 topics pertinent to the field of natural hazards. Disciplinary barriers are overcome in this comprehensive treatment of the subject matter. Clear illustrations and numerous color images enhance the primary aim to communicate and educate. The inclusion of a series of unique "classic case study" events interspersed throughout the volume provides tangible examples linking concepts, issues, outcomes and solutions. These case studies illustrate different but notable recent, historic and prehistoric events that have shaped the world as we now know it. They provide excellent focal points linking the remaining terms in the volume to the primary field of study. This Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards will remain a standard reference of choice for many years
Analysis Geography
Geology
Physical geography
Earth Sciences
Natural Hazards
Geomorphology
Notes Includes indexes
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index
In Springer Nature eReference
Subject Natural disasters -- Encyclopedias
Hazard mitigation -- Encyclopedias
Hazard mitigation
Natural disasters
Risques naturels -- Encyclopédies et dictionnaires.
Genre/Form encyclopedias.
Encyclopedias
Encyclopedias.
Encyclopédies.
Form Electronic book
Author Bobrowsky, Peter T.
ISBN 9781402043994
1402043996
9048186994
9789048186990
Other Titles Natural hazards