Title Attention disorders after right brain damage : living in halved worlds / Paolo Bartolomeo

Published London : Springer, [2014] ©2014

Table of Contents
1.	The Attention Systems of the Human Brain					1
1.1.	Spatial Selective Attention					2
1.1.1.	Manual Response Time Paradigms					3
1.1.2.	Anatomical Brain Structures and Networks of Spatial Attention					4
1.1.3.	Spatial Attention and Visual Awareness					8
1.1.4.	Attention and Visual Perception					10
1.2.	Sustained Attention, Vigilance, Alertness, Arousal					12
1.3.	Executive Control					14
	References					15
	Further Reading					19
2.	Sensorimotor Deficits After Right Brain Damage					21
2.1.	Hemiplegia, Hemianopia, and Hemianesthesia					21
2.2.	Perceptual Extinction					24
2.2.1.	Allesthesia					25
2.2.2.	Mechanisms of Extinction					25
2.2.3.	Attention and Extinction					26
2.3.	Motor Neglect					27
2.4.	Conjugate Gaze Paresis					28
2.5.	"Magnetic" Gaze Attraction					29
2.6.	Conclusion: Apparent Sensorimotor Deficits After Right Hemisphere Damage					29
	References					30
	Further Reading					33
3.	Consequences of Right Hemisphere Lesions on Bodily Awareness and Control					35
3.1.	Body-Related Cognition in the Right Hemisphere					35
3.2.	Anosognosia and Anosodiaphoria					37
3.3.	Misoplegia and Left Hemiconcern					39
3.4.	Asomatognosia and Somatoparaphrenia					41
3.5.	Supernumerary Phantom Limbs, Xenomelia, and Autoscopic Phenomena					42
3.6.	Motor Impersistence					45
	References					45
	Further Reading					47
4.	Unilateral Spatial Neglect: Clinical Aspects					49
4.1.	Definition and Causes					49
4.2.	Clinical Presentation					50
4.3.	Diagnostic Tests: General Considerations					53
4.4.	Visuo-perceptual Tests					54
4.4.1.	Wundt-Jastrow Illusion					54
4.4.2.	Overlapping Figures					55
4.4.3.	Search for Images					55
4.4.4.	Reading in Neglect					56
4.5.	Visuo-graphic Tests					57
4.5.1.	Drawing Tasks					57
4.5.2.	Cancellation Tasks					61
4.5.3.	Line Bisection					65
4.6.	Representational (or Imaginal) Tasks					68
4.6.1.	Relation with Visual Tasks					71
4.7.	Other Spatial Sectors: "Near" and "Far" Neglect, Personal Neglect					73
4.7.1.	Near vs. Far Space					73
4.7.2.	Personal Neglect					74
4.8.	Ecological Assessment of Neglect					76
	References					77
	Further Reading					83
5.	Experimental Variants of Neglect Tests					85
5.1.	Variants of Drawing Tasks: Blind Drawing					85
5.2.	Variants of Cancellation Tasks					88
5.2.1.	Erasing Targets					88
5.2.2.	"Invisible" Cancellation Marks					88
5.2.3.	Left-Right Asymmetric Targets					89
5.3.	Variants of Line Bisection					89
5.3.1.	The Landmark Task					89
5.3.2.	Pseudoneglect and the Attentional Repulsion Effect					90
5.3.3.	Bisecting Imagined Lines: The Endpoint Task					91
5.3.4.	Length Reproduction and Estimation					94
5.4.	Variants of Representational Tasks					96
5.4.1.	Problems with Place Descriptions					96
5.4.2.	Mental Line Bisection					97
5.4.3.	Imaginal Response Times					97
5.4.4.	REMs in Neglect					99
5.5.	Dissociations in Performance Within and Between Patients					100
	References					101
	Further Reading					104
6.	Component Deficits of Neglect					105
6.1.	Spatial Attention					106
6.1.1.	Early Ipsilesional Capture and the Disengagement Deficit					106
6.1.2.	Ineffective Exploration and Implicit Knowledge					109
6.1.3.	Neglect of Spatial Locations or of Objects in Space?					110
6.1.4.	Object-Based Neglect					112
6.1.5.	Neglect and Inhibition of Return					114
6.1.6.	Neglect and Spontaneous Brain Activity					116
6.1.7.	The Paradox of the Left Hemisphere					117
6.2.	Nonspatial Attention Deficits: Impaired Alertness and Sustained Attention					118
6.3.	Lateralized Premotor Deficits					119
6.3.1.	Spatial Response Bias					119
6.3.2.	Directional Hypokinesia					120
6.4.	Spatially Nonlateralized Deficits					123
6.4.1.	Impaired Spatial Working Memory					123
6.4.2.	Constructional Apraxia					124
6.5.	Imaginal Deficits					125
6.6.	Impaired Processing of Time					125
	References					126
	Further Reading					133
7.	The Anatomy of Neglect					135
7.1.	Methodological Issues					135
7.2.	Voxel-Based Lesion-Symptom Mapping (VLSM)					138
7.3.	Frontoparietal Networks					138
7.4.	Callosal Neglect					143
7.5.	More Ventral Networks					144
7.6.	Lesional Correlates of Specific Forms of Neglect					145
	References					146
	Further Reading					149
8.	Attention Disorders in Neurodegenerative Conditions					151
8.1.	Clinical and Neuroscientific Relevance					151
8.2.	Occipitotemporal and Frontoparietal Systems in Degenerative Diseases					152
8.3.	Spatial Attention in Degenerative Diseases					153
8.4.	Control and Monitoring Deficits					156
	References					157
	Further Reading					158
9.	Treatment of Attention Disorders					159
9.1.	Top-Down Techniques					159
9.2.	Bottom-Up Techniques					160
9.2.1.	Vestibular Stimulation					160
9.2.2.	Trunk Rotation					162
9.2.3.	Mechanical and Electrical Transcutaneous Stimulations					162
9.2.4.	Stimulation of the Left Hand					163
9.2.5.	Alertness Training					164
9.2.6.	Prism Adaptation					165
9.3.	Noninvasive Brain Stimulation					166
9.4.	Pharmacological Treatments					167
9.4.1.	Dopaminergic Agents					167
9.4.2.	Noradrenergic Agents					168
9.4.3.	Cholinergic Agents					168
	References					169
	Further Reading					172
	Conclusion and Perspectives					173
	Subject Index					175
	Author Index					179

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Description 1 online resource : illustrations Contents The attention systems of the human brain -- Sensory-motor deficits after right brain damage -- Consequences of right hemisphere lesions on bodily awareness and control -- Unilateral spatial neglect: clinical aspects -- Experimental variants of neglect tests -- Component deficits of neglect -- The anatomy of neglect -- Attention disorders in neurodegenerative conditions -- Treatment of attention disorders -- Conclusion and perspectives Summary This book provides an overview of attentional impairments in brain-damaged patients from both clinical and neuroscientific perspectives, and aims to offer a comprehensive, succinct treatment of these topics useful to both clinicians and scholars. A main focus of the book concerns left visual neglect, a dramatic but often overlooked consequence of right hemisphere damage, usually of vascular origin, but also resulting from other causes such as neurodegenerative conditions. The study of neglect offers a key to understand the brain's functioning at the level of large-scale networks, and not only based on discrete anatomical structures. Patients are often unaware of their deficits (anosognosia), and often obstinately deny being hemiplegic. Diagnosis is important because neglect predicts poor functional outcome in stroke. Moreover, effective rehabilitation strategies are available, and there are promising possibilities for pharmacological treatments. Attention Disorders After Right Brain Damage is aimed at clinical neurologists, medics in physical medicine and rehabilitation, clinical psychologists and neuropsychologists. It will also be useful for graduate students and medical students who wish to understand the topic of attention systems and improve their knowledge of the neurocognitive mechanisms of attentional deficits. In addition, clinical researchers in neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience will find in this book an up to date overview of current research dealing with the attention systems of the human brain Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Subject Brain damage -- Complications Brain -- Wounds and injuries -- Complications. Brain Injuries -- complications MEDICAL -- Surgery -- General. Médecine. Brain damage -- Complications Form Electronic book ISBN 9781447156499 1447156498 144715648X 9781447156482

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