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Book Cover
E-book
Author Xiang, Lusha

Title Cardiovascular responses to exercise / Lusha Xiang and Robert L. Hester
Published San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA) : Morgan & Claypool, ©2012

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Description 1 online resource (ix, 113 pages) : illustrations, digital file
Series Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology, from molecule to function to disease, 2154-5626 ; # 28
Colloquium digital library of life sciences
Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; # 28.
Contents 1. Capillary perfusion in skeletal muscle during exercise -- 1.1 Capillary perfusion at rest -- 1.1.1 Capillary vasomotion -- 1.1.2 Microcirculatory units -- 1.2 Regulation of capillary perfusion during exercise -- 1.2.1 Capillary perfusion during exercise -- 1.2.2 Factors determining capillary perfusion -- 1.3 Oxygen delivery to skeletal muscle during exercise -- 1.3.1 Oxygen gradient -- 1.3.2 Bohr effect -- 1.3.3 Oxygen deficient at onset of exercise
2. Local control of arteriolar diameter and blood flow during exercise -- 2.1 Increased blood flow during exercise (functional hyperemia) -- 2.2 Blood flow control at the onset of exercise (phase I) -- 2.2.1 Oxygen delivery at the onset of exercise -- 2.2.2 Functional vasodilation and blood flow control at the onset of exercise -- 2.2.2.1 Muscle pump -- 2.2.2.2 Neurogenic vasodilation in skeletal muscle -- 2.2.3 Metabolic control (potassium) -- 2.2.4 Flow-mediated vasodilation -- 2.3 Blood flow control during steady-state dynamic exercise (phase II) -- 2.3.1 Metabolite control -- 2.3.1.1 Potassium -- 2.3.1.2 Oxygen -- 2.3.1.3 Hydrogen ion -- 2.3.1.4 Lactate -- 2.3.1.5 Adenosine -- 2.3.1.6 ATP -- 2.3.2 Endothelium-dependent vasoactive metabolites -- 2.3.2.1 Nitric oxide -- 2.3.2.2 Prostanoids -- 2.3.2.3 Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors -- 2.3.3 Venular-arteriolar diffusion -- 2.3.3.1 Anatomy and "communication" of paired vessels -- 2.3.3.2 Regulation of arteriolar tone by paired venular endothelium-derived factors during exercise -- 2.3.3.3 Regulation of arteriolar tone by paired venular blood PO2 during exercise -- 2.3.3.4 Low venular PO2 and resultant increased ATP-induced production of prostanoids -- 2.3.4 Flow-mediated and conducted vasodilation -- 2.3.4.1 Flow-mediated vasodilation -- 2.3.4.2 Conducted vasodilation -- 2.3.5 Neural control of functional vasodilation -- 2.3.5.1 Motor nerve-mediated vasodilation -- 2.3.5.2 Vascular adrenoreceptors -- 2.3.5.3 Sympathetic escape
3. Systemic control of cardiovascular response to exercise -- 3.1 Neural control mechanisms -- 3.1.1 Central command -- 3.1.2 Exercise pressor reflex -- 3.1.3 Baroreflex -- 3.2 Cardiac responses to exercise -- 3.2.1 Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in heart -- 3.2.2 Heart rate -- 3.2.3 Stroke volume -- 3.2.4 Cardiac output -- 3.2.5 Cardiac muscle blood flow -- 3.3 Systemic hemodynamic responses to exercise -- 3.3.1 Brain blood flow during exercise -- 3.3.2 Renal blood flow during exercise -- 3.3.2.1 Regulation of renal blood flow and urine output under rest conditions -- 3.3.2.2 Regulation of renal blood flow and urine output during exercise
4. Cardiovascular response to exercise under pathological conditions -- 4.1 Obesity and diabetics -- 4.1.1 Impaired local blood flow in the exercising muscle of obesity -- 4.1.1.1 Microvascular rarefaction in the exercising muscle of obesity -- 4.1.1.2 Impaired local control of functional vasodilation in the exercising muscle of obesity -- 4.1.1.3 Basal arteriolar tone and vascular remodeling in the exercising muscle of obesity -- 4.1.2 Impaired systemic control of cardiovascular response to exercise -- 4.1.2.1 Exercise presser reflex -- 4.1.2.2 Baroreflex resetting -- 4.1.2.3 Central command -- 4.1.2.4 Systemic hemodynamic responses -- 4.2 Other pathologic conditions -- 4.2.1 Coronary insufficiency and heart failure -- 4.2.1.1 Coronary insufficiency -- 4.2.1.2 Heart failure -- 4.2.2 McArdle's disease
Summary Exercise is the act of increasing metabolic rate for the purpose of enhancing physical fitness. Exercise can be one of the most stressful physiological responses that the body undertakes. With exercise, there are increases in metabolic rate, heart rate, blood flow (hyperemia), respiration, and heat production. The increased metabolic requirement during exercise is well met by an increased blood flow (functional hyperemia) and oxygen supply to the exercising tissue, which is regulated by multiple local and systemic mechanisms. The local mechanisms (factors) are responsible for mediating the muscle homeostasis and vascular conductance to match the increased metabolic requirement, whereas the systemic mechanisms are responsible for the maintenance of blood pressure and global cardiovascular homeostasis, including the increase in and redistribution of cardiac output, which is mainly mediated by sympathetic activation. For instance, the substantial decreases in vascular resistance and resultant large increase in blood flow during exercise require higher blood pressure and more cardiac output, such that the metabolically active muscle can be perfused with adequate blood flow. This book will provide an overview of the cardiovascular responses to exercise under physiological conditions as well as some pathological circumstances
Analysis exercise
blood flow
vasodilation
hyperemia
microcirculation
circulation
sympathetic activity
blood pressure
heart rate
cardiac output
cardiovascular homeostasis
Notes Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences
Series from website
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-112)
References-Author biography
Subject Cardiovascular system.
Exercise -- Physiological aspects.
Cardiovascular System
Physical Exertion
MEDICAL -- Anatomy.
SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- Human Anatomy & Physiology.
Cardiovascular system.
Exercise -- Physiological aspects.
Form Electronic book
Author Hester, Robert L
ISBN 9781615043460
1615043462