| Description |
1 online resource (viii, 93 pages) : illustrations |
| Series |
Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology, 2154-5626 ; # 32 |
|
Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; # 32. 2154-5626
|
| Contents |
1. Introduction |
|
2. Redox molecules -- 2.1 Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide -- 2.2 Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) |
|
3. Production and metabolism of ROS in the cardiovascular system -- 3.1 Xanthine oxidase -- 3.2 Uncoupled nitric oxide synthase -- 3.3 Mitochondrial respiratory enzymes -- 3.4 Nox-family NAD(P)H oxidases -- 3.4.1 Nox1 -- 3.4.2 Nox2 -- 3.4.3 Nox4 -- 3.4.4 Nox5 |
|
4. Interactions between mitochondria and Noxs |
|
5. Distribution of Noxes in the vascular wall |
|
6. Regulation of Noxes |
|
7. Protecting against oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses -- 7.1 Enzymatic antioxidants -- 7.2 Non-enzymatic antioxidants |
|
8. How does oxidative stress cause disease? |
|
9. Oxidative stress and hypertension -- 9.1 Production of ROS in the cardiovascular and renal systems in hypertension -- 9.2 ROS and autonomic outflow and hypertension -- 9.3 Oxidative stress in experimental hypertension -- 9.4 Oxidative stress and clinical hypertension |
|
10. Antioxidant therapy and human hypertension |
|
11. NADPH oxidase and Nox isoforms as therapeutic targets, clinical potential |
|
12. Other strategies to reduce oxidative stress |
|
13. Assessing reactive oxygen species in the cardiovascular system -- 13.1 Cytochrome C reduction -- 13.2 Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence -- 13.3 Dihydroethidium and high-performance liquid chromatography -- 13.4 Dichlorofluorescein and amplex red to measure H2O2 -- 13.5 Dihydrorhodamine oxidation to measure ONOO- -- 13.6 Electron spin resonance |
|
14. Assessing ROS in clinical studies |
|
15. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Author biographies |
| Summary |
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence various physiological processes including host defense, hormone biosynthesis, and cellular signaling. Increased ROS production (oxidative stress) is implicated in many diseases of the cardiovascular system, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac failure, stroke, diabetes, and kidney disease. ROS are produced throughout the cardiovascular system, in the kidney and central and peripheral nervous system. A major source for cardiovascular, renal, and neural ROS is a family of non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidases, including the prototypic Nox2 homologue-based NAD(P)H oxidase, as well as other NAD(P)H oxidases, such as Nox1 and Nox4. Other possible sources include mitochondrial electron transport enzymes, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NAD(P)H oxidasederived ROS is important in regulating endothelial function and vascular tone and oxidative stress is implicated in endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, hypertrophy, apoptosis, migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis and rarefaction, important processes involved in vascular remodeling in cardiovascular disease. These findings have evoked considerable interest because of the possibilities that therapies targeted against non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase to decrease ROS generation and/or strategies to increase nitric oxide (NO) availability and antioxidants may be useful in minimizing vascular injury and thereby prevent or regress target organ damage associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases |
| Analysis |
superoxide |
|
hydrogen peroxide |
|
Nox |
|
heart |
|
vascular system |
|
kidneys |
|
blood pressure |
|
vascular remodeling |
|
inflammation |
|
antioxidant |
| Notes |
Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-91) |
| Notes |
Online resource; title from PDF title page (Morgan & Claypool, viewed Sep. 27, 2012) |
| Subject |
Active oxygen -- Physiological effect.
|
|
Oxidative stress.
|
|
Active oxygen.
|
|
Reactive Oxygen Species
|
|
Oxidative Stress
|
|
HEALTH & FITNESS -- Diseases -- Genetic.
|
|
MEDICAL -- Genetics.
|
|
Active oxygen
|
|
Active oxygen -- Physiological effect
|
|
Oxidative stress
|
| Form |
Electronic book
|
| Author |
Touyz, Rhian M.
|
| ISBN |
9781615043637 |
|
1615043632 |
|
