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Title Biomaterials in endodontics / edited by Zohaib Khurshid, Muhammad Sohail Zafar and Shariq Najeeb
Published Duxford : Woodhead Publishing, [2022]

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Description 1 online resource
Series Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials
Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials.
Contents Intro -- Biomaterials in Endodontics -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the editors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1: What are biomaterials in endodontics? -- References -- Chapter 2: Intracanal medicaments -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Uses of intracanal medicaments -- 2.3. Ideal properties of intracanal medicament -- 2.4. Indications of intracanal medicament usage -- 2.5. Importance of E. faecalis in research related to intracanal medicaments -- 2.6. Types of intracanal medicaments -- 2.6.1. Established, conventional, and obsolete medicaments -- 2.6.1.1. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) -- Formulations and vehicles -- Antimicrobial effect -- Necrotic tissue-dissolving ability -- Mineralization activity -- Limitations of calcium hydroxide -- Combination of calcium hydroxide with various medicaments -- Indications -- Biocompatibility -- 2.6.1.2. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) -- Antimicrobial effects -- Substantivity -- Drawbacks -- Protocol of use -- 2.6.1.3. Triple antibiotic paste -- Antimicrobial effects -- Indications -- Disadvantages -- The protocol of use -- 2.6.1.4. Iodine potassium iodide (2% IKI) -- Mechanism of action -- Drawbacks -- Indications and protocol of use -- 2.6.1.5. Iodoform -- 2.6.1.6. Camphorated monochlorophenol (CMCP) -- Mechanism of action -- Protocol of use -- Drawbacks -- 2.6.1.7. Other phenolic medicaments -- 2.6.1.8. Aldehyde medicaments -- 2.6.1.9. Steroid based medicaments -- Ledermix Paste -- Indications -- Drawbacks -- Protocol of use -- Other steroids -- 2.6.2. Newly synthetic/engineered intracanal medicaments -- 2.6.2.1. Bioceramics -- Antimicrobial action -- 2.6.2.2. Odontopaste -- Properties -- 2.6.2.3. MTAD -- 2.6.2.4. Nitrofurantoin based formulations -- 2.6.2.5. Octenidine -- Antimicrobial action -- 2.6.2.6. Mesoporous calcium-silicate nanoparticles -- 2.6.2.7. Nanosilver
Antimicrobial action -- 2.6.2.8. Alendronate paste -- 2.6.2.9. Ozone (O3) -- Application of ozone in endodontics -- 2.6.2.10. Probiotics -- Antimicrobial action -- Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) -- 2.6.3. Herbal/organic medicaments -- 2.6.3.1. Bee glue (propolis) -- Antimicrobial properties -- Antiinflammatory and biocompatibility properties -- 2.6.3.2. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) -- Antimicrobial properties -- Antiinflammatory properties -- 2.6.3.3. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) -- Antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties -- 2.6.3.4. Curcumin (Curcuma longa) -- Antimicrobial properties -- 2.6.3.5. Neem (Azadirachta indica) -- Antimicrobial properties and antiinflammatory properties -- 2.6.3.6. Burdock (Articum lappa) -- Antimicrobial properties -- 2.6.3.7. Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) -- Antimicrobial properties and antiinflammatory properties -- 2.6.3.8. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) -- 2.6.3.9. Common myrtle (Myrtus communis L) -- 2.6.3.10. Chitosan -- 2.6.3.11. Copaiba oil -- 2.6.3.12. Zataria multiflora -- 2.6.3.13. Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) -- 2.6.3.14. Spilanthes acmella -- 2.6.3.15. Casearia sylvestris -- 2.6.3.16. Noni plant (Morinda citroflolia) -- 2.6.3.17. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabora) -- 2.6.3.18. Eucalyptus galbie -- 2.6.3.19. Gum (Acacia nilotica) -- 2.6.3.20. Garlic (Allium sativum) -- 2.6.3.21. Cat claw plant (Uncaria tomentosa) -- 2.6.3.22. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) -- 2.6.3.23. Myrobolan (Terminalia chebula) -- 2.6.3.24. Castor oil plant (Ricinnus communis) -- 2.6.3.25. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) -- 2.6.3.26. Bakul (Mimusops elengi) -- 2.6.3.27. Chlorophyll -- 2.7. Intracanal medicament placement -- 2.7.1. Lentulospiral technique -- 2.7.2. Syringe technique -- 2.7.3. Endodontic hand file or manual insertion technique -- 2.7.4. Sonic activation technique -- 2.7.5. Specially designed paste carrier technique
2.7.6. Amalgam carrier and endodontic plugger technique -- 2.7.7. McSpadden compactor technique -- 2.7.8. Combination of techniques -- 2.8. Intracanal medicament removal -- 2.9. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Root canal obturation materials -- 3.1. Obturation and popular techniques -- 3.2. Obturation materials -- 3.2.1. Gutta percha -- 3.2.2. Latex-sensitive patients -- 3.2.3. Root canal sealers -- 3.3. Different types of sealers -- 3.3.1. Calcium hydroxide sealers -- 3.3.2. Glass ionomer sealers -- 3.3.3. Zinc oxide-eugenol sealers -- 3.3.4. Resin-based sealers -- 3.3.5. Silicones -- 3.3.6. Bioceramic sealers -- 3.3.7. Tricalcium silicate-based sealers: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) -- 3.4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Restorative materials used in endodontics -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Success rate related to restorative materials -- 4.3. Interrelationship between adhesive restorations and endodontics materials used during endodontic treatment -- 4.4. Restorative protocols for endodontically treated teeth -- 4.5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Materials for teeth bleaching -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Tooth discoloration and tooth bleaching -- 5.3. Tooth bleaching agents and their composition -- 5.4. Tooth bleaching techniques -- 5.5. Nanomaterials for tooth bleaching -- 5.6. Mechanism of tooth bleaching -- 5.7. Clinical measurements of tooth bleaching -- 5.8. Factors affecting tooth bleaching -- 5.9. Side effects of tooth bleaching -- 5.10. Regulations and recommendations of tooth bleaching agents -- 5.11. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Alloys for endodontic files and hand instruments -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Materials for endodontic instruments -- 6.2.1. Carbon steel -- 6.2.2. Stainless steel (SS) -- 6.2.3. Nickel-titanium alloy -- 6.2.3.1. Nitinol phase transformation and Superelasticity
6.3. Endodontic instruments classification -- 6.3.1. Hand instruments -- 6.3.1.1. Barbed broaches -- 6.3.1.2. Reamers -- 6.3.1.3. Files -- 6.3.2. Rotary instruments -- 6.3.2.1. First generation -- 6.3.2.2. Second generation -- 6.3.2.3. Third generation -- 6.3.2.4. Fourth generation -- 6.3.2.5. Fifth generation -- 6.3.2.6. Handpieces -- 6.4. Cutting efficiency of endodontic instruments -- 6.5. Sterilization on properties of the instruments -- 6.6. Endodontic irrigation on properties of the instruments -- 6.7. Defects of endodontic instruments after clinical use -- 6.8. Fracture of the endodontic instruments -- 6.8.1. Cyclic fracture -- 6.8.2. Torsional fracture -- 6.9. Surface treatment of the endodontic instruments -- 6.9.1. Heat treatment -- 6.9.2. Plasma immersion ion implantation -- 6.9.3. Electropolishing -- 6.9.4. Laser treatment -- 6.9.5. Various coatings -- References -- Chapter 7: Conventional to advanced endodontics: Use of bioactive materials -- 7.1. Bioceramic materials -- 7.2. Bioactive materials -- 7.2.1. Types of bioactive materials -- 7.2.1.1. Amorphous calcium phosphate -- 7.2.1.2. Hydroxyapatite -- 7.2.1.3. Bioactive glass -- 7.2.1.4. Tricalcium phosphate -- 7.2.1.5. Dicalcium phosphate -- 7.2.1.6. Silicates -- 7.3. Materials in endodontics -- 7.3.1. Root canal sealers -- 7.3.1.1. Zinc oxide eugenol-based root canal sealers -- 7.3.1.2. Calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers -- 7.3.1.3. Resin-based root canal sealers -- 7.3.1.4. Glass ionomer-based root canal sealers -- 7.3.2. Root canal obturating materials -- 7.3.2.1. Gutta-percha -- 7.3.2.2. Silver points -- 7.3.3. Retrograde fillings -- 7.3.3.1. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) -- 7.3.3.2. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and reinforced ZOE cements -- 7.3.3.3. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) -- 7.4. Application of bioactive materials in endodontics -- 7.4.1. Bioactive root canal sealers
7.4.1.1. Bioactive glass-based root canal sealer -- 7.4.1.2. Tricalcium silicate-based root canal sealer -- 7.4.1.3. Calcium phosphate-based root canal sealer -- 7.4.2. Bioactive root canal obturating materials -- 7.4.2.1. Bioactive glass in root canal obturation materials -- 7.4.2.2. Calcium-phosphate in root canal obturation materials -- 7.4.2.3. Bioactive polymer particles in root canal obturation materials -- 7.4.3. Bioactive repair and retrograde filling materials -- 7.4.3.1. Calcium silicate-based repair and retrograde filling materials -- 7.4.3.2. Tricalcium silicate-based repair and retrograde filling materials -- 7.4.4. Bioactive regenerative endodontic materials -- 7.4.4.1. Calcium silicate-based regenerative materials -- 7.4.4.2. Tricalcium silicate-based regenerative materials -- 7.5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Nanoparticles in endodontics -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Classification of nanoparticles -- 8.3. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles -- 8.3.1. Size -- 8.3.2. Surface change -- 8.3.3. Surface composition -- 8.3.4. Protein adsorption -- 8.4. Nanomaterials for disinfection -- 8.4.1. Chitosan nanoparticles -- 8.4.1.1. Introduction -- 8.4.1.2. Mechanism of action -- 8.4.1.3. Applications -- 8.4.1.4. Pros -- 8.4.1.5. Limitations -- 8.4.2. Functionalized antimicrobial nanoparticles -- 8.4.2.1. Combination of functionalized nanoparticles with photosensitizer molecules -- Photosensitizers supplemented with nanoparticles -- Photosensitizers encapsulated with nanoparticles -- Photosensitizers bound or loaded to nanoparticles -- Nanoparticles themselves serving as photosensitizers -- 8.5. Nanoparticles-inducted sealers -- 8.6. Nanoparticles-inducted root filling materials -- 8.6.1. Poly isoprene and polycaprolactone in combination with bioactive glass -- 8.7. Nanoparticles-inducted temporary restorative materials
Notes Includes index
Subject Endodontics -- Materials
Dental materials.
Dental Materials
Biomedical and Dental Materials
Dental materials
Form Electronic book
Author Khurshid, Zohaib
Zafar, Muhammad Sohail
Najeeb, Shariq
ISBN 9780128217450
0128217456