AIChE equipment testing procedure. Trayed & packed columns : a guide to performance evaluation / prepared by the Equipment Testing Procedures Committee of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Purpose & scope -- Definition and description of terms -- Test planning -- Methods of measurement and sampling -- Test procedure -- Computation results -- Interpretation of results -- Appendix
100.0 PURPOSE & SCOPE -- 101.0 Purpose -- 102.0 Scope -- 200.0 DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION OF TERMS -- 201.0 Flow Quantities -- 202.0 Key Components -- 203.0 Mass Transfer Efficiency -- 203.1 Theoretical Trays or Plates or Stages -- 203.2 Overall Column Efficiency -- 203.3 Apparent Murphree Tray Efficiency -- 203.4 Ideal Murphree Tray Efficiency -- 203.5 Murphree Point Efficiency -- 203.6 HETP -- 203.7 HTU -- 203.8 NTU -- 204.0 Operating Lines -- 205.0 Pinch -- 206.0 Maximum Throughput -- 206.1 Maximum Hydraulic Throughput -- 206.2 Maximum Operational Capacity206.3 Maximum Efficient Capacity -- 207.0 Minimum Operating Rate -- 208.0 Operating Section -- 209.0 Hardware -- 209.1 Components of a Trayed Column -- 209.2 Components of a Packed Column -- 300.0 TEST PLANNING -- 301.0 Preliminary Preparation -- 301.1 Safety -- 301.2 Environmental Considerations -- 301.3 Test Objectives -- 301.4 Organizational Resources -- 301.5 Schedule -- 301.6 Review of Historic Operating Data -- 302.0 Column Control and Instrumentation -- 303.0 Peripheral Equipment -- 304.0 Pre-test Calculations -- 304.1 Process Simulation -- 304.2 Dry Run -- 305.0 Types of Tests -- 305.1 Performance Tests305.2 Acceptance Tests -- 306.0 Specific Areas of lnterest -- 306.1 Packing Efficiencies -- 306.2 Tray Efficiencies -- 306.3 Overall Column Efficiency -- 306.4 Capacity Limitations -- 307.0 Energy Consumption -- 308.0 Pressure Drop Restrictions -- 309.0 Data Collection Requirements -- 309.1 Process Operating Data -- 309.2 Gamma Scan Data -- 310.0 Conditions of External Streams -- 310.1 Overall and Component Material Balances -- 310.2 Overall Enthalpy Balances -- 311.0 Internal Temperatures -- 311.1 Heat Balances -- 311.2 Internal Profiles -- 312.0 Internal Samples -- 312.1 Internal Samples for Efficiency Checks -- 312.2 Internal Samples for Overall Performance -- 313.0 Pressure Profiles -- 314.0 Data Requirements-Physical Properties -- 314.1 Test Mixtures -- 314.2 Essential Data -- 315.0 Auxiliary Data -- 316.0 Test Procedure Documentation -- 400.0 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND SAMPLING -- 401.0 System Controls and Operating Stability -- 402.0 Measurement of Temperatures -- 402.1 Accuracy -- 402.2 Errors -- 403.0 Measurement of Flow Rates -- 403.1 Orifice Meters -- 403.2 Rotameters -- 403.3 Vortex Flow Meters -- 403.4 Coriolis Flow Meters -- 403.5 Magnetic Flow Meters -- 403.6 Pitot Tube (or Annubar) -- 403.7 Direct Volume or Weight Measurement -- 404.0 Measurement of Column Pressure Drop -- 404.1 Instrument -- 404.2 Pressure Taps -- 404.3 Seal Pots -- 404.4 Leakage Check -- 404.5 Accuracy -- 405.0 Sampling Procedure -- 405.1 General -- 405.2 Selection of Sampling Points -- 405.3 Sample Connections -- 405.4 Containers -- 405.5 Sampling of High Boiling Materials -- 405.6 Sampling of Intermediate Boiling Materials -- 405.7 Sampling of Materials Having Boiling Points Below -50° F ( -46°C) -- 405.8 Leakage Check -- 405.9 Labeling and Handling the Samples -- 500.0 TEST PROCEDURE -- 501.0 Preliminary -- 502.0 Test Procedure for Maximum Hydraulic Throughput -- 502.1 Flood Symptoms -- 502.2 Performing Capacity Tests -- 502.3 Operational Test Technique -- Gamma Scanning -- 503.0 Considerations Affecting Efficiency Test Procedure -- 503.0 Considerations Affecting Efficiency Test Procedure -- 503.1 Rigorous Versus Shortcut Efficiency Tests -- 503.2 Strategy of Efficiency Testing -- 503.3 Early Preparation for Efficiency Tests -- 503.4 Last-minute Preparations for Efficiency Tests -- 503.5 Establishment of Steady State Conditions -- 503.6 The Test Day -- 503.7 Concluding Test -- 600.0 COMPUTATION OF RESULTS -- 601.0 Verification of Test Data and Simulation Models -- 602.0 Material Balance -- 602.1 End Effects -- 603.0 Enthalpy Balance -- 603.1 Overall Balance -- 603.2 Internal Flow Rates -- 604.0 Hydraulic Performance -- 604.1 Trayed Column -- 604.2 Packed Column -- 605.0 Efficiency Performance -- 605.1 Trayed Column -- 605.2 Packed Column -- 700.0 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS -- 701.0 Sources of Experimental Error -- 701.1 Material and Enthalpy Balances -- 702.0 Effects of Experimental Error -- 703.0 Design versus Performance -- 703.1 Mechanical/Tower Equipment -- 703.2 Process Conditions -- 704.0 Hydraulic Performance -- 704.1 Mechanical/Tower Equipment -- 704.2 Tray -- 704.3 Packing -- 704.4 Process Conditions -- 705.0 Mass Transfer Performance -- 705.1 Mechanical/Tower Equipment -- 705.2 Tray -- 705.3 Packing -- 705.4 Maldistribution -- 705.5 Process -- 706.0 Test Troubleshooting -- 706.1 Analysis Procedure -- 706.2 Sampling -- 706.3 Equilibrium Data -- 706.4 Temperature Measurements -- 706.5 Heat and Material Balances -- 706.6 Fluctuation of Process Conditions -- 706.7 Pressure Drop Measurements -- 706.8 Incorrect Prediction of Pressure Drop -- 706.9 Errors in Assumptions in Modeling Mass Transfer -- 706.10 Multicomponent Systems Deviate from Binary Data -- 706.11 High Purity Separation -- 706.12 Test and Design Conditions -- 800.0 APPENDIX -- 801.0 Notation -- 801.1 Greek Symbols -- 802.0 Sample Calculations -- 802.1 General Analysis of Test Data -- 802.2 Packed Column -- 802.3 Trayed Column -- 803.0 References
Summary
"Provides a cost-effective and reliable reference for improving the performance of new and existing process equipment Step-by-step procedures are flexible enough to be applied in a number of industrial applications "-- Provided by publisher
Notes
Includes index
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references and index
Notes
Print version record and CIP data provided by publisher
