Historical background: Vilnius from "the earliest times" -- A center of Polish and Jewish culture, 1795-1862 -- The period of Russification, 1863-1914 -- World War I, 1914-1922 -- Vilnius as a Polish city, 1919-1939 -- The destruction of multinational Vilnius, 1939-1955 -- Socialist normalcy in Vilnius, 1955-1985 -- Building a Lithuanian capital city, 1985-2000