Title Beginning behavioral research : a conceptual primer / Ralph L. Rosnow, Robert Rosenthal

Edition Fifth edition Published Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Pearson/Prentice Hall, [2005] ©2005

Copies

Location	Call no.	Vol.	Availability
MELB	300.72 Ros/Bbr 2004		AVAILABLE

Description xx, 476 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm Contents Machine derived contents note: Contents -- Preface -- PART I Getting Started -- CHAPTER 1 Behavioral Research and the Scientific Method -- Preview Questions -- Why Study Research Methods? -- Peirce's "Methods of Fixing Beliefs" -- Empirical Reasoning and the Scientific Method -- Applications in Behavioral Research -- Rhetoric and Analogical Thinking -- The Context of Behavioral Science -- Three Lines of Empirical Research -- The Descriptive Orientation -- The Relational Orientation -- The Experimental Orientation -- Some Traits of Good Researchers -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- CHAPTER 2 Creative Ideas and Working Hypotheses -- Preview Questions -- Discovery and Justification -- Using an Intensive Case Study -- Making Sense of a Paradoxical Incident -- Analogical Thinking Revisited -- Resolving Conflicting Results -- Improving Earlier Theories and Methods -- Serendipity -- The Research Proposal -- Retrieving and Using Reference Materials -- Defining Terms and Variables -- A Summary Illustration -- Theories and Hypotheses -- Molding Ideas Into Acceptable Hypotheses -- Constructs and Variables -- Examples of Independent Variables -- Examples of Dependent Variables -- Discovery As Exploration -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- CHAPTER 3 Ethical Considerations and Guidelines -- Preview Questions -- Ethical Issues in Research -- Principle I. Respect for Persons and Their Autonomy -- Principle II. Beneficence and Nonmaleficence -- Principle III. Justice -- Principle IV. Trust -- Principle V. Fidelity and Scientific Integrity -- Deception -- Milgram's Use of Deception -- Is Deception Ever Justified? -- Debriefing Participants -- The Use of Animals in Research -- Ethics of Writing and Reporting -- Avoiding Plagiarism -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- PART II Observation and Measurement -- CHAPTER 4 Strategies of Systematic Observational Research -- Preview Questions -- The Researcher as Observer -- Observing While Participating -- Ethnographic Field Research -- Secondary Observation and Content Analysis -- Experimental Simulations -- Rival Interpretations and Hypotheses -- Mundane and Experimental Realism in Field Experimentation -- Reactive and Nonreactive Observation -- Unobtrusive Observation -- Using Judges as Observers -- A Final Note -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- CHAPTER 5 Methods for Looking Within Ourselves -- Preview Questions -- Self-Report Measures -- Three Important Issues -- Open Versus Closed Questions -- The Rorschach, TAT, and MMPI -- Rating Scales and How To Interpret Them -- Numerical, Forced-Choice, and Graphic Scales -- Rating Errors and How To Control Them -- The Semantic Differential -- The Likert Scale -- The Thurstone Scale -- Pilot-Testing Your Questionnaire -- The Research Interview -- Interviews By Telephone -- Memory and the Use of Behavioral Diaries -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- CHAPTER 6 Reliability and Validity in Measurement and Research -- Preview Questions -- Multiple Uses of Validity and Reliability -- Random and Systematic Error -- Test-Retest and Alternate-Form Reliability -- Internal-Consistency and Item-to-Item Reliability -- What Is Acceptable Test-Retest and Internal-Consistency Reliability? -- Application to Reliability of Judges -- Using a Table of Estimated Values -- Reliability, Replication, and External Validity -- Validity in Test and Instrument Construction -- Content Validity -- Criterion Validity -- Construct Validity in Test Development -- Detailed Example: Crowne and Marlowe's Research -- Validity and Causal Inference in Experimental Design -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- PART III Design and Implementation -- CHAPTER 7 Randomized Experiments and Causal Inference -- Preview Questions -- The Framework of This Chapter -- Random Assignment and Matching of Sampling Units -- Some Basic Designs and Pertinent Terms -- Four Kinds of Causation -- Three Criteria of Efficient Causation -- Uncertainty of Causal Inference -- Mill's Methods and the Logic of Experimental Control -- Teasing Out Effects -- The Solomon Design -- Preexperimental Designs -- History, Maturation, Instrumentation, and Selection -- The Social Psychology of the Experiment -- Subject-Related Artifacts -- Experimenter Expectancy and Its Control -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- CHAPTER 8 Categories of Nonrandomized Research -- Preview Questions -- The Role of Nonrandomized Research -- Nonequivalent-Groups Designs -- Inferring Causation in an Epidemiological Investigation -- Time-Series Designs and "Found Experiments" -- Catchall Category of Correlational Research -- Cross-Lagged Panel Designs -- Longitudinal Designs Using Cohorts -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- CHAPTER 9 Survey Designs and Subject Recruitment -- Preview Questions -- Selecting the Research Participants -- Basic Concepts in Survey Samples -- Simple Random Sampling -- Random Sampling Options -- Stratification in Sampling -- Area Probability Sampling -- Lessons Learned by George Gallup -- Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals -- Benefits of Stratification -- Estimating Bias Due to Nonresponse -- Improving the Rate of Response -- Characteristics of Typical Volunteer Subjects -- Implications for Research Conclusions -- Increasing Participation and Ethical Accountability -- Pilot-Testing as a Final Step -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- PART IV Describing Data and Making Inferences -- CHAPTER 10 Summarizing the Data -- Preview Questions -- The Use of Statistical Procedures -- Frequency Distributions for Visualizing Data -- Stem-and-Leaf Charts -- Percentiles and the Median -- Exploratory Data Analysis -- The Mode and the Mean -- Dealing With Outliers -- The Crude and Extended Range -- The Variance and the Standard Deviation -- Descriptive and Inferential Measures -- Confidence Intervals for a Mean -- The Normal Distribution -- Standard Scores -- Comparing Standard Scores -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- CHAPTER 11 Examining Relationships -- Preview Questions -- The Correlation Coefficient -- Visualizing the Correlation Coefficient -- Calculating the Pearson r -- Spearman Rank Correlation -- Point-Biserial Correlation -- Phi Coefficient -- A Final Note -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- CHAPTER 12 Statistical Significance, Effect Size, and Power Analysis -- Preview Questions -- Use of Statistics and Probabilities -- The Null Hypothesis in Significance Testing -- Type I and II Errors -- Risks of Gullibility and Blindness -- Finding and Reporting the Statistical Significance of r -- Binomial Effect-Size Display (BESD) -- The Problem in Reporting r2 as the Effect Size -- Statistical Power Analysis -- Confidence Interval for an Effect Size -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- PART V Statistical Tests -- CHAPTER 13 The Comparison of Two Conditions -- Preview Questions -- Comparing Two Means -- Signal-to-Noise Ratios -- Comparing Independent Samples -- Using the t Table to Find p -- Effect Size, CI, and BESD -- Cohen's d and Hedges's g -- Maximizing the t Test -- Comparing Related Samples -- Assumptions of the t Test -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- CHAPTER 14 Comparisons On More Than Two Conditions -- Preview Questions -- F and t -- The Logic of ANOVA -- Dividing Up the Variance -- Computing the One-Way ANOVA -- The ANOVA Summary Table -- Using the F Table to Find p -- Simple Effects and Effect Sizes After an Omnibus F -- Two-Way Designs -- Effects and the Factorial ANOVA -- The Concept of Error -- Computing the Two-Way ANOVA -- Contrasts and Correlational Indices -- Intrinsically Repeated Measures -- Nonintrinsically Repeated Measures -- Summary of Ideas -- Key Terms -- Web Activity -- Multiple-Choice Questions for Review -- Discussion Questions for Review -- Answers to Review Questions -- CHAPTER 15 The Analysis of Frequency Tables -- Preview Questions -- The Utility of Chi-Square -- Computing 2 ( 2 Chi-Squares -- Finding the p Value, Effect Size, and Confidence Interv Bibliography Includes bibliographical references (pages 441-461) and indexes Subject Psychology -- Research -- Methodology -- Textbooks. Social sciences -- Research -- Methodology -- Textbooks. Genre/Form books Textbooks. Books Textbooks. Author Rosenthal, Robert, 1933- LC no. 2004002944 ISBN 0131147307 0131278355 international edition

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