| Description |
1 online resource (xv, 461 pages) : illustrations |
| Contents |
Cover -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Properties of Cryoliquids -- 2.1 Liquid Air, Liquid Oxygen, Liquid Nitrogen -- 2.2 Liquid Hydrogen -- 2.3 Liquid Helium -- 2.3.1 Some Properties of the Helium Isotopes -- 2.3.2 Latent Heat of Evaporation and Vapour Pressure -- 2.3.3 Specific Heat -- 2.3.4 Transport Properties of Liquid 4 He: Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity -- 2.3.5 Superfluid Film Flow -- 2.3.6 Liquid 3 He and 3 He -4 He Mixtures at Millikelvin Temperatures -- Problems -- 3 Solid Matter at Low Temperatures -- 3.1 Specific Heat -- 3.1.1 Insulators -- 3.1.2 Metals -- 3.1.3 Superconducting Metals -- 3.1.4 Non-Crystalline Solids -- 3.1.5 Magnetic Specific Heat -- 3.1.6 The Low-Temperature Specific Heat of Copper and Platinum -- 3.1.7 Specific Heat of Some Selected Materials -- 3.1.8 Calorimetry or How to Measure Heat Capacities -- 3.2 Thermal Expansion -- 3.2.1 Thermal Expansion of Solids -- 3.2.2 Dilatometers or How to Measure Thermal Expansions -- 3.3 Thermal Conductivity -- 3.3.1 Lattice Conductivity: Phonons -- 3.3.2 Electronic Thermal Conductivity -- 3.3.3 Thermal Conductivity at Low Temperatures -- 3.3.4 Superconducting Metals -- 3.3.5 Relation Between Thermal and Electrical Conductivity: The Wiedemann -Franz Law -- 3.3.6 Influence of Impurities on Conductivity -- 3.3.7 Thermal Conductivities of Copper, Silver and Aluminum at Low Temperatures -- 3.3.8 How to Measure Thermal Conductivities -- 3.4 Magnetic Susceptibilities -- 3.4.1 Magnetic Susceptibilities of Some Selected Materials -- 3.4.2 How to Measure Susceptibilities and Magnetizations -- Problems -- 4 Thermal Contact and Thermal Isolation -- 4.1 Selection of the Material with the Appropriate Cryogenic Thermal Conductivity -- 4.2 Heat Switches -- 4.2.1 Gaseous and Mechanical Heat Switches -- 4.2.2 Superconducting Heat Switches -- 4.3 Thermal Boundary Resistance -- 4.3.1 Boundary Resistance Between Metals -- 4.3.2 Boundary Resistance Between Liquid Helium and Solids -- Problems -- 5 Helium-4 Cryostats and Closed-Cycle Refrigerators -- 5.1 Use of Liquid 4 He in Low-Temperature Equipment -- 5.1.1 Cool-Down Period -- 5.1.2 Running Phase of the Experiment -- 5.2 Helium-4 Cryostats -- 5.2.1 Double-Walled Glass Dewars -- 5.2.2 Metal Dewars -- 5.2.3 Cryostats for T>5K -- 5.2.4 Cryostats with Variable Temperature for 1 .3K T 4 .2K -- 5.2.5 Auxiliary Equipment -- 5.3 Closed-Cycle Refrigerators -- 5.4 Temperature Control -- Problems -- 6 Helium-3 Cryostats -- 6.1 Helium-3 Cryostats with External Pumps -- 6.2 Helium-3 Cryostats with Internal Adsorption Pumps -- Problems -- 7 The 3 He -4 He Dilution Refrigerator -- 7.1 Properties of Liquid 3 He -4 HeMixtures -- 7.1.1 Phase Diagram and Solubility -- 7.1.2 3 He -4 He Mixturesas Fermi Liquids -- 7.1.3 Finite Solubility of 3 He in 4 He -- 7.1.4 Cooling Power of the Dilution Process -- 7.1.5 Osmotic Pressure -- 7.2 Realization of a 3 He -4 He Dilution Refrigerator -- 7.3 Properties of the Main Components of a 3 He -4 He Dilution Refrigerator -- 7.3.1 Mixing Chamber -- 7.3.2 Still -- 7.3.3 Heat Exchangers -- 7.4 Examples of 3 He -4 He Dilution Refrigerators -- Problems -- 8 Refrigeration by Solidification of Liquid 3 He: Pomeranchuck Cooling -- 8.1 Phase and Entropy Diagrams of 3 H |
| Summary |
Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures contains a wealth of information essential for successful experiments at low temperatures, which makes it suitable as a reference and textbook. The first chapters describe the low-temperature properties of liquid and solid matter, including liquid helium. The major part of the book is devoted to refrigeration techniques and the physics on which they rely, the definition of temperature, thermometry, and a variety of design and construction techniques. The lively style and practical basis of this text make it easy to read and particularly useful to anyone beginning research in low-temperature physics. Low-temperature scientists will find it of great value due to its extensive compilation of materials data and relevant new results on refrigeration, thermometry, and materials properties. Problems are included as well. Furthermore, this third edition also describes newly developed low-temperature experimentation techniques and new materials properties; it also contains many additional references and a list of suppliers of cryogenic equipment |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| In |
OhioLINK electronic book center |
|
SpringerLink |
| Subject |
Matter -- Thermal properties
|
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Low temperatures.
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Cryostats.
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Low temperatures.
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Cryostats.
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Matter -- Thermal properties.
|
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Physique.
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Cryostats
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Low temperatures
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Matter -- Thermal properties
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Lage temperatuur.
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Koeling.
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Helium.
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| Form |
Electronic book
|
| LC no. |
2006934863 |
| ISBN |
9783540463566 |
|
3540463569 |
|
9783540463603 |
|
3540463607 |
|
9786611351403 |
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661135140X |
|
