Title International Jewish humanitarianism in the age of the Great War / Jaclyn Granick, Cardiff University

Published Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2021 ©2021

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Description 1 online resource (xiv, 404 pages) : illustrations, maps Series Human rights in history Human rights in history. Contents Cover -- Half-title -- Series information -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Maps -- List of Tables -- Preface -- List of Terms, Acronyms, and Abbreviations -- Introduction -- A Calamity of Stupendous Proportions -- The New Jewish Leadership -- American Jews Become International Humanitarians -- Sources and Methods -- 1 War Sufferers: Moving Money in War -- Humanitarian Mobilization -- Theaters and Operational Realities -- To the Central Powers -- To Russia -- To Palestine -- The Jewishness of Jewish Relief -- America Enters the War The Americanness of Jewish Relief -- 2 The Hungry: Establishing In-Kind Relief in the Field -- The Humanitarian Periphery at Paris -- Feeding Poland at War -- Improvising Relief against the Threat of Violence -- Standardizing Relief in Hopes of Peace -- Famine As Pretext in Ukraine -- Creating a Communist Golem -- The Elusive Politics of Relief -- 3 Refugee: Solutions without Resolution -- On the Ground: Sheltering Refugees -- Defining Away the Refugee -- The Emergency Department -- Crossings: Hias and Migration Support -- Hias Goes East -- Migration without America On High: Repatriation and Citizenship -- Jews in Geneva -- Nansen in the Field -- 4 The Sick: Jewish Fitness through Jewish Health -- A Failed Battle against Typhus -- Westerners in Poland -- Bolshevism and Epidemic Response -- Elevation through Social Medicine -- Upbuilding Palestine through Health -- Medical Work As Reconstruction in Poland -- Organizing Local Medical Professionals -- The Rockefeller Plan -- Propping Up Russian Medicine -- International Health for the Jewish Nation -- 5 Child: Welfare for a Contested Jewish Future -- Addressing Children -- Children or Orphans? Adoptions and ''Adoptions'' -- Modeling Child Welfare in Palestine -- Systematizing Child Welfare -- Homing or Institutionalizing Children? -- Child Health from Poland to Palestine -- Unmet Needs in Ukraine -- A Moral and Financial Conundrum -- Education As Battleground -- Institutionalizing Welfare in Dispersion -- 6 The Impoverished: Credit As Reconstruction -- Developing the Jew -- Rebuilding the Shtetl -- Handicrafts and Industries -- Agriculture -- Developing Jewish Society: Microcredit Cooperatives -- Cooperation beyond Relief -- Two Central Banks for the Jewish People Between Welfarism and Development -- Epilogue -- The Long Century of Jewish Aid -- The Paradigm and the Exception -- Notes -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 War Sufferers -- 2 The Hungry -- 3 Refugee -- 4 The Sick -- 5 Child -- 6 The Impoverished -- Epilogue -- Bibliography -- Archives Consulted -- Primary Sources -- Secondary Sources -- Index Summary "In 1914, seven million Jews across Eastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean were caught in the crossfire of warring empires in a disaster of stupendous, unprecedented proportions. In response, American Jews developed a new model of humanitarian relief for their suffering brethren abroad, wandering into American foreign policy as they navigated a wartime political landscape. The effort continued into peacetime, touching every interwar Jewish community in these troubled regions through long-term refugee, child welfare, public health, and poverty alleviation projects. Against the backdrop of war, revolution, and reconstruction, this is the story of American Jews who went abroad in solidarity to rescue and rebuild Jewish lives in Jewish homelands. As they constructed a new form of humanitarianism and re-drew the map of modern philanthropy, they rebuilt the Jewish Diaspora itself in the image of the modern social welfare state"-- Provided by publisher Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Notes Online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on June 02, 2021) Subject Jews -- Charities -- History -- 20th century Humanitarian assistance, American -- Europe -- History -- 20th century Jews -- United States -- History -- 20th century Jewish diaspora. World War, 1914-1918 -- Civilian relief World War, 1914-1918 -- Jews Civilian war relief Humanitarian assistance, American Jewish diaspora Jews Jews -- Charities Europe United States Genre/Form Electronic books History Form Electronic book LC no. 2020037946 ISBN 9781108860697 1108860699

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