Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Legal Instruments -- List of Cases -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- List of Abbreviations -- Acknowledgement -- Note for the Reader -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Iranian Domestic Issues and Its Foreign Policy -- 1.2 International Instruments of Counter-Terrorism Financing and Iran's Responses -- 1.3 International and Unilateral Sanctions Imposed on Iran -- 1.4 Scope of Book -- 1.5 Objectives of Book -- 1.6 Research Method and Methodology -- 1.7 Contents Overview
2 Background to Terrorism and Financing Terrorism in Relation to Iran -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Power Structure in the Iranian Constitution -- 2.3 Values in the Iranian Constitution -- 2.4 Iran: Victim or Sponsor of Terrorism? -- 2.4.1 Iran as a Victim of Terrorist Attacks -- 2.4.1.1 Dissident Nationalist Terrorism -- 2.4.1.2 Foreign Terrorism -- 2.4.1.3 Separatist Terrorism -- 2.4.2 Iran as a State-Sponsor of Non-State Militant Actors -- 2.4.2.1 Non-State Militant Actors Supported by Iran -- 2.5 Iranian Policy in Combating Terrorism Financing -- 2.6 Conclusion
3 Criminalisation of Terrorism Financing -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Legal and Policy Framework of Terrorism Financing -- 3.2.1 International Legal and Policy Framework -- 3.2.2 Iranian Legal and Policy Framework -- 3.2.2.1 Reliance on General Laws (2001-2008) -- 3.2.2.2 The Anti-Money Laundering Law (2008-2016) -- 3.2.2.3 The Law of Combating the Financing of Terrorism (2016-Present Day (2023)) -- 3.3 Mental Elements of Offences of Terrorism Financing -- 3.4 Material Elements of Offences of Terrorism Financing -- 3.4.1 Providing or Collecting Funds -- 3.4.2 Terrorist Attacks
3.4.2.1 Treaty-Based Acts -- 3.4.2.2 Catch-All Acts -- 3.4.2.3 Unlawful Acts -- 3.4.3 Non-Attack Purposes -- 3.5 Exemption for National Liberation Movements -- 3.6 Conclusion -- 4 Preventive Measures of Counter-Terrorism Financing -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Preventive Measures as Applied to the Formal Financial System -- 4.2.1 Customer Due Diligence and Monitoring -- 4.2.1.1 Identification and Verification -- 4.2.1.2 Enhanced Due Diligence -- 4.2.2 Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) -- 4.2.3 Financial Intelligence Unit -- 4.3 Preventive Measures as Applied to Informal Financial Systems
4.3.1 Licensing or Registration -- 4.3.2 The Regulations for the Hawala System -- 4.3.3 Sanctions on Hawala System -- 4.4 Preventive Measures as Applied to Non-Profit Organisations -- 4.4.1 Charity and Civil Society -- 4.4.2 Charity and Humanitarian Aid -- 4.5 Consequences of CTF Regulation: Financial Exclusion -- 4.5.1 Individuals -- 4.5.2 Correspondent Banking Relationships (CBRs) -- 4.5.3 Money and/or Value Transfer Services (MVTS) -- 4.5.4 Charity -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 5 The International and National Sanctions Regimes to Counter-Terrorism Financing -- 5.1 Introduction
