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Author Matsumori, Natsuko

Title The School of Salamanca in the Affairs of the Indies : Barbarism and Political Order
Published Florence : Routledge, 2018

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Description 1 online resource (290 pages)
Contents Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; A note on the text; 1. Early modern understandings of political order and the School of Salamanca; Salamancans' responses to problems of their age; Three generations of Salamancans and related thinkers; Revivals of the School of Salamanca; Commonwealth as an actor of the European order; From the Reconquest to the Spanish monarchy; Commonwealth as an actor in relations with non-European worlds; The emergence of the affairs of the Indies; Three basic issues of the affairs of the Indies
2. Reason and prudence: The nature of the Indians2.1. Discourse on the "barbarous" Indians; The Indians and the concept of "barbarians"; Differences between the Indians, other non-Christians, and impoverished Christians; 2.2. Hierarchical teleology and the theory of natural slavery; Servus: Slave or serf?; Succession of Aristotelianism-Thomism: From Major to Gregorio and Mesa; Law of command and obedience: Sepúlveda; Criteria for natural slave; 2.3. Absence of education and the theory of the inferior; Early criticisms of the theory of natural slavery: Montesinos, Palacios Rubios, and Paz
Human beings as the image of God: VitoriaDevelopment of the School of Salamanca: From the early (Soto, Cano, and others) to the later (Molina, Suárez, and others); Early modern dichotomy between civilization and barbarism; 2.4. Acceptance of diversity and the theory of humankind; Classification of barbarians: Zorita and Peña vs. Acosta and Botero; Las Casas's redefinition of the concept of barbarians: Difference and inferiority; Refutation of the theory of natural slavery; Refutation of the theory of the inferior
3. Power, commonwealth, and the law of nations: The legitimacy of the Spanish dominion over the Indies3.1. Vitoria's criticism of conventional justifications; Civil power, commonwealth power, and government power: The naturalness of power; Dominion, use, and usufruct; Criticism of conventional justifications of the conquest and Salamancans' understandings of power; Commonwealth: Subsistence and morality; The relationship between commonwealth and church; Natural law and the law of nations in totus orbis: The range of the application of laws
Criticism of conventional justifications of the conquest and Salamancans' understandings of the subject of power3.2. New titles presented by the School of Salamanca; Rights and obligations under the law of nations; Natural inferiority; Evaluation of the new titles; 3.3. Las Casas's denial of the Spanish legitimacy; Criticism of conventional justifications; Criticism of Salamancan titles; Potential dominion; 4. Conditions of just war: The conquest of the Indies; 4.1. Ius ad bellum and ius in bello; Appropriateness of the use of force by Christians; Origin and development of just war theory
Summary The School of Salamanca in the Affairs of the Indies explores the significance of Salamancans, such as Vitoria and Soto, and related thinkers, such as Las Casas and Sepúlveda, in the formation of the early modern political order. It also analyses early modern understandings of political order, with a focus both on the decline of the medieval universal world through the independence and secularization of political community and the establishment of continuous and imbalanced relations between various European and non-European political communities. Through its investigation, this book highlights how Salamancans and related thinkers clearly distinguished their understandings of political order from medieval thought, and did so in a different way to contemporary and later thinkers, such as Machiavelli, Luther, Bodin, and Grotius, particularly with regards to the Indies, "barbarian" worlds. It also reveals the strong contribution of the School of Salamanca in early modern political thought, both internally and externally. Salamancans imposed moral restrictions against "interior barbarism," that is, power beyond law, and included "exterior barbarism," that is, "barbarian" societies, in the common political order. Situating the School of Salamanca in the mainstream history of European political thought, The School of Salamanca in the Affairs of the Indies is ideal for academics and postgraduate students of intellectual history and of Spanish colonial expansion
Notes Conditions for just war: Authority, causes, and the way
Print version record
Subject Indians, Treatment of -- History -- 16th century
Imperialism -- Philosophy -- History
Salamanca school (Catholic theology)
HISTORY -- Modern -- 16th Century.
HISTORY -- Europe -- Spain & Portugal.
American Indian.
Exterior Barbarism.
Gregorio.
Indies.
Interior Barbarism.
Las Casas.
Mesa.
Natural Child.
Non-Christians.
Serf.
Slave.
Spain.
Imperialism -- Philosophy
Indians, Treatment of
Salamanca school (Catholic theology)
Genre/Form History
Form Electronic book
ISBN 9780429807428
0429807422
9780429807411
0429807414
9780429807404
0429807406
9780429441899
0429441894
1138960977
9781138960978