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Book Cover
E-book

Title Principles of osteoimmunology : molecular mechanisms and clinical applications / Peter Pietschmann (ed.)
Published Wien ; New York : Springer-Verlag/Wien, ©2012

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Description 1 online resource (xv, 280 pages) : illustrations (some color)
Contents Machine generated contents note: 1. Basics of Bone Biology / Lorenz C. Hofbauer -- 1.1. Introduction to Bone -- 1.1.1. Bone Function and Structure -- 1.1.2. Ossification Processes -- 1.2. Bone Remodeling -- 1.3. Key Players of Bone Remodeling -- 1.3.1. Cells of the Osteoblast Lineage -- Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Bone Lining Cells -- 1.3.2. Cells of the Osteoclast Lineage -- Osteomacs and Osteoclasts -- 1.4. Regulation of Bone Remodeling -- 1.4.1. Hormones -- 1.4.2. RANKL/OPG -- 1.4.3. Cytokines and Chemokines -- 1.5. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2. Towards the Automated Detection and Characterization of Osteoclasts in Microscopic Images / Theresia Thalhammer -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Methods -- 2.2.1. Culture Conditions for Isolated Murine Osteoclasts -- 2.2.2. Staining Protocol -- 2.2.3. Digital Images -- 2.2.4. Automated Slide-based Microscopy -- 2.2.5. Software for Image Processing -- 2.3. Evaluation of Expert Markups and Developed Image-processing Algorithms -- 2.4. How to Design an Image-processing Algorithm Based on Osteoclast Detection in Culture -- 2.4.1. Correction of Illumination -- 2.4.2. Segmentation -- 2.4.3. Postprocessing -- 2.4.4. Labeling -- 2.5. Common Pitfalls -- 2.5.1. Imaging-based Errors -- 2.5.2. Errors Related to the Gestalt Laws -- 2.5.3. Benefits of Automated Osteoclast Detection -- 2.6. Conclusion -- 2.7. Acknowledgements -- References -- 3. Introduction to the Immune System / Georg Schett -- 3.1. Innate and Adaptive Immunity -- 3.2. Innate Immune Response -- 3.2.1. Effector Cells in Innate Immunity -- 3.2.2. Pathogen Recognition in Innate Immune Responses by "Toll-Like"-Receptors -- 3.2.3. Humoral Effectors of the Innate Immunity -- 3.3. Adaptive Immune System -- 3.3.1. B Cells -- 3.3.2. T Cells -- 3.4. Conclusion -- References
Note continued: 4. Effects of Vitamin D in the Immune System / Martin Willheim -- 4.1. Vitamin D -- 4.1.1. Vitamin D Metabolism -- 4.1.2. Vitamin D Signal Transduction -- 4.1.3. VDR -- 4.1.4. Classic Effects of Vitamin D -- 4.1.5. Additional Effects -- 4.2. Vitamin D and the Immune Cells -- 4.2.1. Innate Immunity -- 4.2.2. Antigen Presenting Cells (APC): Dendritic Cells and Monocytes/Macrophages -- 4.2.3. T Cells -- 4.2.4. Th1/Th2 Cells -- 4.2.5. Tregs -- 4.2.6. Th17 -- 4.2.7. Th9 Cells -- 4.2.8. B Cells -- 4.2.9. NKT Cells -- 4.2.10. Summary of Vitamin D, Effects on Immune Cells -- 4.3. Pathophysiological Aspects of Vitamin D3 -- 4.3.1. Vitamin D Deficiency -- 4.3.2. Vitamin D3 in Health and Disease -- 4.3.3. Vitamin D3 and Allergic Conditions -- 4.3.4. Vitamin D3 and Autoimmunity -- 4.3.5. Vitamin D3 in Therapy -- 4.3.6. Conclusion and Perspective -- References -- 5. Osteoimmunological Aspects of Biomechanics / Gerold Ebenbichler -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Mechanical Loading and Bone Formation -- 5.2.1. Mechanotransduction -- 5.2.2. Sensing Mechanisms and Signalling Pathways Activated by Bone Loading -- 5.2.3. Cytokine Response as a Signalling Pathway Activated by Bone Loading -- 5.3. Muscular Exercise and Bone Integrity -- 5.3.1. Activity, Inflammation and Bone Loss -- 5.3.2. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Exercise -- 5.4. Therapeutic Exercise: Possible Non-mechanical Effects on Bone -- 5.5. Summary -- References -- 6. Utility of the Determination of Biomarkers of Bone Metabolism / Verena Schwetz -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Overview of Bone Biomarkers -- 6.2.1. Calciotropic Hormones -- 6.2.2. Collagen and Collagen Products -- 6.2.3. TRAP 5b -- 6.2.4. ALP and Bone ALP -- 6.2.5. Osteocalcin -- ̂ 6.2.6. RANKL/OPG -- 6.2.7. New Markers -- 6.3. Analytics -- 6.3.1. Preanalytics -- 6.3.2. Interpretation
Note continued: 6.4. Utility of the Determination of Serum Markers of Bone Metabolism -- 6.4.1. Fracture Prediction -- 6.4.2. Therapy Monitoring -- 6.4.3. Compliance and Adherence to Therapy -- 6.4.4. Selection of Pharmacological Therapy -- 6.5. Future Prospects -- References -- 7. Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects / Peter Mikosch -- 7.1. Osteoporosis, a Worldwide Disease with High Economic Burden -- 7.2. Balance of Bone Remodeling During Lifetime and the Development of Bone Fragility -- 7.3. Clinical Presentation of Patients with Osteoporosis -- 7.4. Approach to the Mechanisms Leading to Osteoporosis -- 7.5. Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts: Cellular Promoters of Bone Formation and Degradation -- 7.6. Osteoblasts and Stromal Cells: the Connection with the Hematopoietic System -- 7.7. Osteoblasts and Adipocytes -- 7.8. Osteoclastogenesis and Monocyte Macrophage Interaction -- 7.9. RANK/RANKL/OPG System -- Key Regulator of Bone Homeostasis -- 7.10. Dendritic Cell Interaction with Bone Cells -- 7.11. T Cells and Osteoporosis -- 7.12. B Cells and their Influence on Bone Cells -- 7.13. Hormonal Influences on Bone Remodeling -- 7.14. Estrogen -- 7.15. Testosterone -- 7.16. Parathyroid Hormone -- 7.17. Thyroid Hormone -- 7.18. Activation of the Immune System in Osteoporosis -- 7.19. Oxidative Stress in Aging -- 7.20. Oral Tolerance -- 7.21. Diagnosis of Osteoporosis and Aspects of Osteoimmunology in Clinical Medicine -- 7.22. Causes of Osteoporosis from a Clinical Perspective -- Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Secondary Osteoporosis -- 7.23. Osteoporosis and Disorders with Chronic Inflammation -- Osteoimmunology as a Link -- 7.24. Endocrine Disorders -- 7.25. Intestinal Disorders and Liver Diseases -- 7.26. Renal Disorders -- 7.27. Treatment -- 7.28. Hormone Replacement Therapy -- 7.29. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)
Note continued: 7.30. Bisphosphonates -- 7.31. Denosumab -- 7.32. Parathyroid Hormone -- 7.33. Strontium-Ranelate -- 7.34. Other Therapies Including Upcoming Therapeutic Options -- 7.35. Conclusion -- References -- 8. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis / Douglas H. N. White -- Introduction -- 8.1. Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 8.1.1. Epidemiology -- 8.1.2. Pathogenesis -- 8.1.3. Diagnosis and Presentation -- 8.1.4. Treatment -- 8.1.5. Conclusion -- 8.2. Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 8.2.1. Epidemiology -- 8.2.2. Pathogenesis -- 8.2.3. Diagnostic and Classification Criteria -- 8.2.4. Presentation -- 8.2.5. Treatment -- 8.2.6. Conclusions -- References -- 9. RANKL Inhibition: Preclinical Data / Wolfgang Sipos -- 9.1. Animal Models of Osteoporosis -- 9.2. Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 9.3. Animal Models of Cancer-associated Osteolytic Lesions -- 9.4. RANKL Blockade in Animal Models of Osteoporosis -- 9.5. RANKL Blockade in Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 9.6. RANKL Blockade in Animal Models of Cancer-associated Osteolytic Lesions -- References -- 10. RANKL Inhibition: Clinical Data / Lorenz C. Hofbauer -- 10.1. Denosumab in Postmenopausal Bone Loss and Osteoporosis -- 10.1.1. Denosumab in Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass -- 10.1.2. Denosumab in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis -- 10.2. Denosumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 10.3. Denosumab in Metastatic Bone Disease, Multiple Myeloma and Primary Bone Tumor -- 10.3.1. Denosumab in Metastatic Bone Disease -- 10.3.2. Denosumab in Multiple Myeloma -- 10.3.3. Denosumab in Prostate Cancer -- 10.3.4. Denosumab in Giant Cell Tumor -- 10.4. Usage of Denosumab, Safety and Precautions -- References -- 11. Osteoimmunological Aspects of Periodontal Diseases / Michael Matejka -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Anatomy of the Periodontium
Summary Osteoimmunology is a new and rapidly developing field of great importance. It deals with mechanisms and possible treatments of bone-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, that are caused by or associated with a malfunctioning immune system. This book describes the basics of bone biology and of the immune system and provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of bone diseases. In addition, clinical data is presented and put into context with the newest research findings. It was intended for all scientists and physicians working in immunology, pathophysiology and osteology
Analysis Medicine
Human physiology
Immunology
Rheumatology
Cytokines
Biomedicine
Cytokines and Growth Factors
groeifactoren
growth factors
fysiologie
physiology
biomedische wetenschappen
reumatiek
rheumatism
immunologie
Medicine (General)
Geneeskunde (algemeen)
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index
Subject Bones -- Immunology
Bones -- Diseases -- Immunological aspects
Bones -- Diseases.
Bone Diseases -- immunology
Bone and Bones -- immunology
Immune System -- physiology
Bone Diseases
HEALTH & FITNESS -- Diseases -- General.
MEDICAL -- Clinical Medicine.
MEDICAL -- Diseases.
MEDICAL -- Evidence-Based Medicine.
MEDICAL -- Internal Medicine.
Form Electronic book
Author Pietschmann, Peter
ISBN 9783709105207
370910520X