| Description |
1 online resource (xviii, 459 pages) : illustrations |
| Contents |
pt. 1. Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- Summary -- The book's aim -- 1.1. What is a society? What is socioecology? -- 1.2. Why primate socioecology? -- 1.2.1. The tropics are little known -- 1.2.2. Primates are relatively well known -- 1.2.3. Primates are diverse -- 1.2.4. Primate males and females live together -- 1.2.5. The study of primates -- 1.3. Why gorilla socioecology? -- Structure of the book -- Figure details -- 2. Primate socioecology : a brief introduction -- Summary -- 2.1. Socioecology -- 2.1.1. Introduction -- 2.1.2. Females to food, males to females -- 2.2. Food and society -- 2.2.1. Body size, food, and society -- 2.2.2. Food and competition -- 2.2.2.1. The nature of the food affects the nature of competition -- 2.2.2.2. The nature of competition affects the nature of the society -- 2.2.3. Food, competition, and grouping -- 2.2.3.1. Grouping increases competition -- 2.2.3.2. Food and the benefits of cooperation in competition as a cause of grouping -- 2.3. Predation and society -- 2.3.1. Primates are preyed upon and have evolved antipredator strategies -- 2.3.2. Body size and predation -- 2.3.3. Predation and grouping -- 2.3.3.1. Grouping within species protects from predation -- 2.3.3.2. Grouping evolved for protection from predation? -- 2.3.3.3. Grouping with a male for protection from predation -- 2.4. Mating and society -- 2.4.1. Mating competition among males and sexual dimorphism -- 2.4.1.1. Sexual dimorphism and body size -- 2.4.1.2. Sexual dimorphism and group size -- 2.4.2. Male-male mating competition and access to females : male-female association -- 2.4.2.1. Association for male care -- 2.4.2.2. Association without active care? -- 2.4.2.3. Association to mate-guard -- 2.4.2.4. Association to guard against infanticide -- 2.4.2.5. More than one male associating -- 2.4.2.6. Breaking the association-emigration -- 2.4.2.7. No association-roving males -- 2.4.3. Male-male mating competition and infanticide : male-female conflict -- 2.4.4. Female and male responses to mating competition -- 2.4.4.1. Female responses to harassment and infanticide -- 2.4.4.2. Male responses to female responses -- 2.5. Rearing and society -- 2.5.1. Need for help : male-female association -- 2.5.2. Female competition to rear -- Conclusion -- Statistical details |
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pt. 2. Gorillas, ecology, and society -- 3. Introducing gorillas : some background -- Summary -- 3.1. Distribution, taxonomy, and study sites -- 3.1.1. Distribution : where gorillas live -- 3.1.2. Taxonomy : how many species? -- 3.1.3. Study sites -- 3.1.3.1. Mountain gorillas -- 3.1.3.2. Eastern lowland, or Grauer's gorillas -- 3.1.3.3. Western gorillas -- 3.1.4. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- 3.2. Life history and reproduction -- 3.2.1. Introduction -- 3.2.2. Body size and sexual dimorphism -- 3.2.3. Maturation and reproduction -- 3.2.3.1. Infants to subadults -- 3.2.3.2. Maturity and reproduction in males -- 3.2.3.3. Maturity and reproduction in females -- 3.2.4. Mortality -- 3.2.4.1. Mortality rates -- 3.2.4.2. Causes of mortality -- 3.2.5. Life span -- 3.2.6. Lifetime reproduction -- 3.2.7. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion -- Table details -- Figure details -- 4. Gorilla ecology and society : a brief description -- 4.1. Gorilla ecology -- Summary : gorilla ecology -- Introduction : gorilla ecology -- 4.1.1. Body size and diet -- 4.1.2. General habitat and food preferences -- 4.1.3. Diet, altitude, and season -- 4.1.3.1. Western gorillas -- 4.1.3.2. Eastern lowland, or Grauer's gorillas -- 4.1.3.3. Mountain gorillas -- 4.1.4. Diet and daily ranging : variation in foraging effort -- 4.1.5. Diet and home range size -- 4.1.6. Ecology and group cohesion -- 4.1.7. Ecology and population density -- 4.1.8. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- 4.1.8.1. Pan -- 4.1.8.2. Pongo -- Conclusion : gorilla ecology -- 4.2. Gorilla society -- Summary : gorilla society -- Introduction : gorilla society -- 4.2.1. Social structure and social processes -- 4.2.1.1. Group size and composition ; population structure -- 4.2.1.2. Dispersal ; group formation, transition, and demise -- 4.2.1.3. Infanticide -- 4.2.1.4. Interunit encounters -- 4.2.2. Social relationships -- 4.2.2.1. Relationships between adult males and females -- 4.2.2.2. Relationships between adult females -- 4.2.2.3. Relationships between adult males -- 4.2.2.4. The social relationships of immature animals -- 4.2.3. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- 4.2.3.1. Pan -- 4.2.3.2. Pongo -- Conclusion : gorilla society -- Figure details -- Statistical details |
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pt. 3. Female strategies and gorilla society -- Summary -- 5. Female strategies and society : food and grouping -- Summary -- Introduction : gorillas ; food, competition, and cooperation -- 5.1. Female strategies : food, competition, and grouping -- 5.1.1. Do gorilla females compete over food? -- 5.1.2. Is the competition important? -- 5.1.3. Conclusion : food, competition, and grouping -- 5.2. Female strategies : food, cooperation, and emigration -- 5.2.1. Do gorilla females cooperate in competition over food? -- 5.2.2. Is the cooperation important? -- 5.2.3. Conclusion : food, cooperation, and emigration -- 5.3. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion -- Figure details -- Statistical details -- 6. Female strategies : male influences on females' competition, cooperation, and grouping -- Summary -- 6.1. The male is a major competitor -- 6.2. The male mitigates competition among females -- 6.3. The male mitigates the benefits of females' cooperation -- 6.4. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion -- Figure details -- Statistical details -- 7. Female strategies : male influences ; joining a protective male -- Summary -- 7.1. Protection from predation -- Summary : protection from predation -- 7.1.1. Female gorillas associate with a male for defense against predators -- 7.1.2. Females join males -- 7.1.3. Gorillas are preyed upon -- 7.1.4. Males protect females -- 7.1.4.1. The male protects females (and their offspring) against predators -- 7.1.4.2. Females (and immature animals) act as if they perceive that the male is a protector against predators -- 7.1.5. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion : escaping predation as the cause of females' association with a male -- 7.2. Protection from Infanticide -- Summary : protection from infanticide -- 7.2.1. Infanticide in gorillas -- 7.2.2. Female gorillas associate with a powerful male for protection against infanticide by other males -- 7.2.2.1. Males protect against infanticide -- 7.2.2.2. Females associate with a male for protection against infanticide -- 7.2.2.3. Females associate with a male for protection against infanticide : a model -- 7.2.2.4. The model's conclusions -- 7.2.2.5. Criticism of the model -- 7.2.3. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion : escaping infanticide as the cause of females' association with a male -- 7.3. Conclusion : predation or infanticide? -- 7.3.1. Predation is the primary cause of association -- 7.3.2. Infanticide is the primary cause of association -- 7.3.3. The hypotheses cannot yet be separated? -- Figure details -- 8. Female strategies : male influences ; emigration and choice of males -- Summary -- Introduction -- 8.1. Female emigration and mate choice : finding a better protector -- 8.2. Female emigration and mate choice : avoiding inbreeding -- 8.2.1. Evidence for avoidance of inbreeding -- 8.2.2. Incest in gorillas : inbreeding is not always avoided -- 8.2.3. Minimal costs to inbreeding? -- 8.3. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion -- Figure details -- Statistical details -- 9. Female strategies : conflict, compromise, and cooperation between the sexes -- Summary -- 9.1. Gorilla female society -- 9.1.1. Food and society -- 9.1.2. Protection and society : the male's influence -- 9.1.3. Emigration by females : the male's influence -- 9.2. Gorilla society : an unusually strong influence of males? -- 9.3. Gorilla society : an unusual product from interaction of usual rules -- Statistical details |
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pt. 4. Male strategies and gorilla society -- Summary -- 10. Male strategies and society : influences of the environment and of females -- Summary -- 10.1. Association as a means of access to females -- 10.1.1. Means of access to females -- 10.1.2. Gorillas cannot be territorial as a mate access strategy -- 10.1.3. Gorillas cannot roam, but must associate permanently -- 10.2. Predation, infanticide, and association with females -- 10.3. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- 10.3.1. Finding females : roam or stay? -- 10.3.2. Predation and association -- Conclusion -- A robust model, and therefore the right answer? -- Added variations -- Are female strategies irrelevant to males? -- Figure details -- 11. Male mating strategies and gorilla society -- Summary -- 11.1. Competition to be sole breeder -- 11.1.1. Gorilla society as a one-male mating system -- 11.1.2. The reproductive payoffs of infanticide -- 11.1.3. Male competitive tactics : mate acquisition versus mate retention and offspring protection -- 11.1.3.1. Contests during interunit encounters -- 11.1.3.2. Why are there no male takeovers? : the influence of females on the stability of male-female associations -- 11.1.4. Mating competition in multi-male groups -- 11.1.4.1. Breeding success and mating competition : the importance of being dominant -- 11.1.4.2. Mating competition and male-female interactions : coercion and mate-guarding -- 11.1.5. Female choice and male mating competition -- 11.1.6. Long-term reproductive strategies -- 11.1.6.1. The wooing of females by subordinate males -- 11.1.6.2. Control of female aggression -- 11.2. Maturing males : stay or emigrate? -- 11.2.1. Breeding tenure and number of mates -- 11.2.2. Why dominant males tolerate younger rivals? -- 11.2.3. Staying versus dispersing -- 11.2.4. Reproductive payoffs of different male strategies -- 11.2.5. Why leave? -- 11.3. Variation across gorilla populations -- 11.3.1. Differences in rates of male dispersal -- 11.3.1.1. Ecological constraints on group size, male mating competition, and male emigration -- 11.3.1.2. Interaction of male and female strategies and the perpetuation of group structure -- 11.3.1.3. Lower risk of infanticide -- 11.3.2. Differences in predictability of infanticide and nature of interunit encounters -- 11.3.2.1. Demographic influences on mating competition -- 11.3.2.2. Familiarity and relatedness between males and females of different groups -- 11.4. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- 11.4.1. Common chimpanzees -- 11.4.2. Bonobos -- 11.4.3. Pongo -- Conclusion -- Figure details -- Statistical details -- 12. Male strategies and the nature of society : conflict, compromise, and cooperation between the sexes -- Summary -- 12.1. Gorilla society : the influence of females on males -- 12.2. Gorilla society : the influence of males on females -- 12.3. Gorilla society : conflict, compromise, and cooperation -- 12.4. Males and society : a familiar case study? -- 12.5. Males and society : an unfamiliar case study? |
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pt. 5. Gorilla society : the future -- 13. Gorilla and primate socioecology : the future -- Summary -- 13.1. Gorilla society yesterday -- 13.2. Gorilla society today -- 13.3. Gorilla and primate society tomorrow -- 13.3.1. Phylogeny, environment, and society? -- 13.3.2. Diet, competition, cooperation, and grouping? -- 13.3.2.1. Frugivore-folivore differences -- 13.3.2.2. Cooperation -- 13.3.2.3. Some methodology -- 13.3.3. Intermale competition? -- 13.3.3.1. Number of males per group -- 13.3.3.2. Intergroup aggression and kinship -- 13.3.3.3. Duration of male tenure -- 13.3.4. The fate of dispersers? -- 13.3.5. Within-species community structure? -- 13.3.6. Sexual selection, environment, and society : predation versus infanticide? -- 13.3.7. Schemas, quantification, modeling, and experiments? -- 13.3.7.1. Categorization, quantification, and definition -- 13.3.7.2. Modeling -- 13.3.7.3. Experimentation -- 13.3.8. Communication between primate socioecology and human socioecology? -- 13.3.9. More fieldwork? -- 13.3.9.1. Three areas of ignorance -- 13.3.9.2. Gorilla socioecology -- 14. Socioecology and gorilla conservation -- Summary -- Introduction -- 14.1. Conservation's five questions : Why? What? How much? Where? How? -- 14.1.1. Why conserve? -- 14.1.2. What to conserve? -- 14.1.2.1. The Red List classification of the gorilla -- 14.1.2.2. Some reflections on the Red List -- 14.1.3. How much? -- 14.1.4. Where? -- 14.1.5. How? -- 14.1.5.1. Africa is poor -- 14.1.5.2. Protected areas and tourism? -- 14.2. Socioecology and conservation -- 14.2.1. Is biology necessary? -- 14.2.2. How can socioecology help? -- 14.2.3. Socioecology and demography -- 14.2.4. Socioecology and reaction to the environment -- 14.2.5. Socioecology of human use of the environment -- 14.2.6. Socioecology and active management -- 14.2.7. Socioecology and tourism : the relevance of socioecology -- 14.2.8. Socioecologists and conservation -- 14.2.9. Conservation and socioecology -- Conclusion -- Table details -- Figure details -- Statistical details |
| Summary |
Gorilla society is arranged according to the different and sometimes conflicting evolutionary goals of the sexes. This title introduces theories explaining primate societies describes gorilla life history, ecology, and social systems; and explores both sexes' evolutionary strategies of survival and reproduction |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (pages 377-439) and indexes |
| Notes |
English |
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Print version record |
| Subject |
Gorilla -- Behavior.
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Gorilla -- Ecology
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Social behavior in animals.
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Animal behavior.
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Gender identity.
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Gorilla gorilla -- psychology
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Behavior, Animal
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Gender Identity
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sex role.
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SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- Zoology -- Primatology.
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NATURE -- Animals -- Primates.
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Gender identity
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Animal behavior
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Gorilla -- Behavior
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Gorilla -- Ecology
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Social behavior in animals
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Stewart, Kelly J., 1951-
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| ISBN |
9780226316048 |
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0226316041 |
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1281957089 |
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9781281957085 |
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9786611957087 |
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6611957081 |
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