Title Trade in strangers : the beginnings of mass migration to North America / Marianne S. Wokeck

Published University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University Press, ©1999

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Description 1 online resource (xxx, 319 pages) : illustrations, maps Contents Introduction: A New Form of Transatlantic Migration xix -- 1 German Long-Distance Migration 1 -- 2 The Flow and Composition of German Immigration to the American Colonies 37 -- 3 The Trade in Migrants 59 -- 4 The Ordeal of Relocation 113 -- 5 Irish Immigration to the Delaware Valley 167 -- Conclusion: A Model for the Modern Era 221 -- Appendix German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775 239 Summary American historians have long been fascinated by the "peopling" of North America in the seventeenth century. Who were the immigrants, and how and why did they make their way across the ocean? Most of the attention, however, has been devoted to British immigrants who came as free people or as indentured servants (primarily to New England and the Chesapeake) and to Africans who were forced to come as slaves. Trade in Strangers focuses on the eighteenth century, when new immigrants began to flood the colonies at an unprecedented rate. Most of these immigrants were German and Irish, and they were coming primarily to the middle colonies via an increasingly sophisticated form of transport. Wokeck shows how first the German system of immigration, and then the Irish system, evolved from earlier, haphazard forms into modern mass transoceanic migration. At the center of this development were merchants on both sides of the Atlantic who organized a business that enabled them to make profitable use of underutilized cargo space on ships bound from Europe to the British North American colonies. This trade offered German and Irish immigrants transatlantic passage on terms that allowed even people of little and modest means to pursue opportunities that beckoned in the New World. Trade in Strangers fills an important gap in our knowledge of America's immigration history. The eighteenth-century changes established a model for the better-known mass migrations of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which drew wave after wave of Europeans to the New World in the hope of making a better life than the one they left behind-a story that is familiar to most modern Americans Bibliography Includes bibliographical references (pages 277-310) and index Notes Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002. http://purl.oclc.org/DLF/benchrepro0212 MiAaHDL English digitized 2010 HathiTrust Digital Library committed to preserve pda MiAaHDL Print version record Subject SOCIAL SCIENCE -- Emigration & Immigration. HISTORY -- Modern -- 18th Century. Emigration and immigration Einwanderung Immigratie. Duitsers. Ieren. Geschichte 1683-1775. SUBJECT United States -- Emigration and immigration -- History -- 17th century United States -- Emigration and immigration -- History -- 18th century Germany -- Emigration and immigration -- History -- 17th century Germany -- Emigration and immigration -- History -- 18th century Ireland -- Emigration and immigration -- History -- 17th century Ireland -- Emigration and immigration -- History -- 18th century Subject Germany Ireland United States Nordamerika Deutsche. Genre/Form History Form Electronic book LC no. 98035716 ISBN 0585278881 9780585278889 9780271043760 0271043768

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