Title Introduction to diffusion tensor imaging : and higher order models / edited by Susumu Mori, J-Donald Tournier

Edition 2nd ed Published Burlington : Elsevier Science, 2013

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Description 1 online resource (141 pages) Contents Front Cover; Introduction to Diffusion Tensor imaging; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; 1 Basics of Diffusion Measurement; 1.1 NMR Spectroscopy and MRI Can Detect Signals from Water Molecules; 1.2 What is Diffusion?; 1.3 How to Measure Diffusion?; 1.3.1 We Need Gradient Systems to Measure the Diffusion Constant; 1.3.2 Gradient Pulses Change Signal Frequency Based on Locations of Water Molecules; 1.3.3 When a Pair of Dephasing and Rephasing Gradients are Applied, the Signal is Sensitized to Molecular Motions (Diffusio...; 2 Anatomy of Diffusion Measurement 2.1 A Set of Unipolar Gradients and Spin-Echo Sequence is Most Widely Used for Diffusion Weighting2.2 There are Four Parameters that Affect the Amount of Signal Loss; 2.3 There are Several Ways of Achieving a Different Degree of Diffusion Weighting; 3 Mathematics of Diffusion Measurement; 3.1 We Need to Calculate Distribution of Signal Phases by Molecular Motion; 3.2 Simple Exponential Decay Describes Signal Loss by Diffusion Weighting; 3.3 Diffusion Constant Can be Obtained from the Amount of Signal Loss But Not from the Signal Intensity 3.4 From Two Measurements, We Can Obtain a Diffusion Constant3.5 If There are More Than Two Measurement Points, Linear Least-Square Fitting is Used; References and Suggested Readings; 4 Principle of Diffusion Tensor Imaging; 4.1 NMR/MRI Can Measure Diffusion Constants Along an Arbitrary Axis; 4.2 Diffusion Sometimes has Directionality; 4.3 Six Parameters are Needed to Uniquely Define an Ellipsoid; 4.4 Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characterizes the Diffusion Ellipsoid from Multiple Diffusion Constant Measurements Along Diff...; 4.5 Water Molecules Probe Microscopic Properties of their Environment 4.6 Human Brain White Matter has High Diffusion AnisotropyReferences and Suggested Readings; 5 Mathematics of Diffusion Tensor Imaging; 5.1 Our Task is to Determine the Six Parameters of a Diffusion Ellipsoid; 5.2 We Can Obtain the Six Parameters from Seven Diffusion Measurements; 5.3 Determination of the Tensor Elements from a Fitting Process; References and Suggested Readings; 6 Practical Aspects of Diffusion Tensor Imaging; 6.1 Two Types of Motion Artifacts: Ghosting and Coregistration Error; 6.2 We Use Echo-Planar Imaging to Perform Diffusion Tensor Imaging 6.3 The Amount of Diffusion-Weighting is Constrained by the Echo Time6.4 There are Various k-Space Sampling Schemes; 6.5 Parallel Imaging is Good News for DTI; 6.6 Image Distortion by Eddy Current Needs Special Attention; 6.7 DTI Results may Differ if Spatial Resolution and SNR have been Changed; 6.8 Selection of b-Matrix; 6.8.1 Strength of the b-Value; 6.8.2 Orientation of Applied Gradients; 6.8.3 The Number of Gradient Orientations; 6.8.4 Which Protocol Should We Use?; 6.8.5 Protocol Setup Flowchart; References and Suggested Readings Summary The concepts behind diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are commonly difficult to grasp, even for magnetic resonance physicists. To make matters worse, a many more complex higher-order methods have been proposed over the last few years to overcome the now well-known deficiencies of DTI. In Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging: And Higher Order Models, these concepts are explained through extensive use of illustrations rather than equations to help readers gain a more intuitive understanding of the inner workings of these techniques. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of DTI imag Notes Print version record Subject Brain -- Magnetic resonance imaging Diffusion tensor imaging. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis. Diagnostic imaging. Mathematical models. Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigative Techniques Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures Diagnosis Diagnostic Imaging Models, Theoretical Diffusion Tensor Imaging diagnosis. mathematical models. HEALTH & FITNESS -- Diseases -- General. MEDICAL -- Clinical Medicine. MEDICAL -- Diseases. MEDICAL -- Evidence-Based Medicine. MEDICAL -- Internal Medicine. Mathematical models Magnetic resonance imaging Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging Diagnostic imaging Diagnosis Brain -- Magnetic resonance imaging Diffusion tensor imaging Medicine. Health & Biological Sciences. Neurology. Radiology, MRI, Ultrasonography & Medical Physics. Form Electronic book Author Mori, S. (Susumu) Tournier, J-Donald ISBN 9780123984074 0123984076

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