Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)
Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero
Here are entered works on disorders of the physiological mechanisms required for the articulation, patterning, or production of speech. Works on disorders of the central neurological function affecting the reception, processing, or expression of language are entered under Language disorders
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defective speech. : Signs, Signals and Symbols : a Presentation of a British Approach to Speech Pathology and Therapy
Air bag restraint systems -- Defects : Honda Motor Company : communication and the Takata airbag crisis / Sonakshi Bahety, Briton Moffitt, Walter Pruchnik, James S. O'Rourke
Automobiles -- Defects -- Evaluation : Technical assessment of Toyota electronic throttle control (ETC) systems / by the U.S. Department of Transportation
Automobiles -- Defects -- Reporting. : Shopping for safety : providing consumer automotive safety information / Committee for Study of Consumer Automotive Safety Information, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council
Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue
