Scientific communication and national security : a report / prepared by the Panel on Scientific Communication and National Security, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine
BOOK-TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- SPONSORS -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- UNWANTED TRANSFER OF U.S. TECHNOLOGY -- UNIVERSITIES AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION -- THE CURRENT CONTROL SYSTEM -- COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CONTROLS -- PRINCIPAL FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Control of University Research Activities -- Unrestricted Areas of Research -- Classification -- Gray Areas -- The Export of Domestically Available Technical Data Under ITAR and EAR Regulations -- The Use of Voluntary Controls -- The Militarily Critical Technologies List
Technology Transfer to the Third WorldINTRODUCTION -- 1 CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT UNWANTED TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND ITS MILITARY SIGNIFICANCE -- -- THE QUALITY OF THE EVIDENCE -- POTENTIAL CHANNELS AND TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- THE OVERALL PROBLEM -- THE ROLE OF THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY -- THE SOVIET ACQUISITION EFFORT -- THE OVERALL PROBLEM -- THE ROLE OF THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY -- EVIDENCE OF THE EXTENT OF UNWANTED TRANSFER -- THE OVERALL PROBLEM -- THE ROLE OF THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY -- EVIDENCE OF THE SOVIET ABSORPTION CAPACITY
Evidence of the military significance of technology lossesthe overall problem -- the role of the research community -- projections for change -- 2 universities and scientific communication -- university research and teaching -- scientific communication -- bilateral intergovernmental agreements -- national academy of sciences exchange programs -- international research and exchange board program -- 3 the current control system -- classification of information -- export controls -- eaa and ear -- arms export control act and itar
LIMITATIONS OF EXPORT CONTROL AUTHORITYCONTRACTUAL RESTRICTIONS -- “VOLUNTARY� RESTRICTIONS -- CONTROLS ON FOREIGN VISITORS -- VISA CONTROLS -- EXCHANGE PROGRAMS -- 4 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS: BALANCING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CONTROLS -- PREVENTING SOVIET MILITARY ADVANCES BASED ON U.S. RESEARCH -- THE RELATION TO CONTROLS -- THE PANEL'S ASSESSMENT -- Leakage and the Research Community -- FOSTERING U.S. MILITARY AND ECONOMIC STRENGTH -- THE RELATION TO CONTROLS -- THE PANEL'S ASSESSMENT -- Openness and Military Strength -- Openness and Economic Strength
Security by AccomplishmentPROTECTING EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL VALUES -- THE RELATION TO CONTROLS -- THE PANEL'S ASSESSMENT -- THE FEASIBILITY OF CONTROLS -- BALANCING COMPETING OBJECTIVES: THE PANEL'S JUDGMENT -- PRINCIPLES FOR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH -- GUIDELINES FOR CLASSIFIED AND GRAY-AREA RESEARCH -- 5 IMPROVING THE CURRENT SYSTEM -- THE WORKABILITY OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM CAN BE IMPROVED -- EXPORT CONTROLS AND DOMESTICALLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION -- PRIORITIES WITHIN THE EXPORT CONTROL SYSTEM -- MILITARILY CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES LIST -- VOLUNTARY CONTROLS
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (pages 78-89)
Notes
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