Racial (dis)harmony in Puerto Rico -- Slavery and the multi-racial-racially mixed laboring classes -- Becoming a free worker in post-emancipation Puerto Rico -- Liberal elites' writings : the racial dissection of the Puerto Rican specimen -- Race and social struggles in the restructuring of late-nineteenth century Ponce -- U.S. rule and the volatile topic of race in the public political sphere -- Racial silencing and the organizing of Puerto Rican labor -- Deflecting Puerto Rico's blackness -- The heavy weight of silence
Summary
In their quest for greater political participation within shifting imperial fields--from Spanish (1850s-1898) to US rule (1898- ) Puerto Ricans struggled to shape and contain conversations about race. In so doing, they crafted, negotiated, and imposed on others multiple forms of silences while reproducing the idea of a unified, racially mixed, harmonious nation. Hence, both upper and working classes participated, although with different agendas, in the construction of a wide array of silences that together have prevented serious debate about racialized domination. This book explores the ongoing, constant racialization of Puerto Rican workers to explore the 'class-making' of race