| Description |
1 online resource (xvi, 392 pages) : illustrations (some color) |
| Contents |
880-01 Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I; Bacillus thuringiensis: An Environmentally Safe Alternative; Chapter-1; Discovery and Description of Bacillus thuringiensis; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 A Brief History and Discovery of Bacillus thuringiensis; 1.3 A Description of B. thuringiensis; 1.3.1 Basic Biology of Bt; 1.3.2 Toxicity and Mode of Action of Its Insecticidal Proteins; 1.4 Conclusions; References; Bacillus thuringiensis Applications in Agriculture; Chapter-2; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methods of Application of Bt and Its Products in Agriculture |
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880-01/(S Index Of Contributors -- Preface -- PART I BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS: AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFETY ALTERNATIVE -- 1 Discovery and description of Bacillus thuringiensis -- 2 Bacillus thuringiensis applications in agriculture -- 3 Risk Assessment of Bt Transgenic Crops -- 4 Use and efficacy of Bt compared to less environmentally safe alternatives -- 5 Protein Engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-Endotoxins -- PART II GENETICS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS -- 6 Evolution of the Bacillus cereus group -- 7 Bacillus thuringiensis genetics and phages -- from transduction and sequencing to recombineering -- 8 Conjugation in Bacillus thuringiensis: insights into the plasmids exchange process -- 9 Shuttle vectors of Bacillus thuringiensis -- 10 Construction and application in plasmid vectors of Bacillus cereus group -- 11 Recombination in Bacillus thuringiensis -- 12 Genetic improvement of Bt strains and development of novel biopesticides -- PART III BT AS BIOPESTICIDE: APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY -- 13 Genetically Modified Bacillus thuringiensis Biopesticides -- 14 Bacillus thuringiensis Recombinant Insecticidal Protein Production -- 15 Bt crops: past and future -- 16 A Review of the Food Safety of Bt Crops -- PART IV OTHER BACILLUS SPECIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY -- 17 The most important Bacillus species in biotechnology -- 18 Secondary metabolites of Bacillus: potentials in biotechnology -- 19 Future challenges and prospects of Bacillus thuringiensis |
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2.3 Advantages of Using Bt Products Over Chemical Agents in Agricultural Practices2.4 Threat to Continuous Use of Bt as Biological Control Agent; 2.4.1 Development of Resistance and Cross Resistance; 2.4.2 Narrow Spectrum of Activity; 2.5 Strategies to Ensure Continuing Use of Bt and Its Products in Agriculture; 2.5.1 Continuous Search for Bt Strains Expressing Toxins with Improved Activity; 2.5.2 Use of Synergism Between Bt Products or Between Bt Products and Other Substances; 2.5.3 Genetic Manipulation of Existing Bt Strains and Its Toxin Genes for Improved Activity |
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2.5.4 Use of Gene StackingReferences; Chapter-3; Risk Assessment of Bt Transgenic Crops; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Perceived Risks with Bt Transgenic Crops; 3.2.1 Risk to Non-target Organisms; 3.2.1.1 Studies Reporting No Adverse Effects to Non-target Organisms; 3.2.1.2 Studies Reporting Adverse Effects to Non-target Organisms; 3.2.1.3 Studies Reporting Beneficial Effects to Non-target Organisms; 3.2.1.4 Effects on Viruses, Aquatic Animals, Birds and Mammals; 3.2.2 Persistence of Bt Residue in Soil; 3.2.2.1 Rate of Bt Degradation in Soil |
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3.2.2.2 Effects on Macroorganisms and Microorganisms in Soil3.2.3 Gene Flow from Bt Transgenic Crops; 3.2.3.1 Horizontal Transfer of Genes; 3.2.3.2 Vertical Transfer of Genes; 3.2.4 Acquisition of Weediness Potential; 3.2.5 Monoculture and Eventual Loss of Biodiversity; 3.2.6 Unintended Effects of Gene Transfer on Plant Metabolism; 3.2.7 Food Safety of Bt Transgenic Crops; 3.2.8 Development of Resistant Pests; 3.3 Risk Analysis of Bt Transgenic Crops; 3.3.1 Risk Assessment of Bt Transgenic Crops; 3.3.1.1 Risk Characterization; 3.3.1.2 Problem Formulation for Environmental Risk Assessment |
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3.3.2 Methods for Risk Assessment of Bt Transgenic Crops3.3.2.1 The Tiered Approach to Risk Assessment; 3.3.2.2 Issues with Risk Assessment Methodologies; 3.3.3 Risk Management of Bt Transgenic Crops; 3.3.3.1 Risk Assessment of the Effects on Non-target Organisms; 3.3.3.2 Risk Assessment of the Effects of Persistence of Bt in Soil; 3.3.3.3 Risk Assessment of Gene Flow from Bt Transgenic Crops; 3.3.3.4 Risk Assessment of Weediness Potential of Bt Transgenic Crops; 3.3.3.5 Risk Assessment of Monoculture and Eventual Loss of Biodiversity due to Bt Transgenic Crops |
| Summary |
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used as a biopesticide in agriculture, forestry and mosquito control because of its advantages of specific toxicity against target insects, lack of polluting residues and safety to non-target organisms. The insecticidal properties of this bacterium are due to insecticidal proteins produced during sporulation. Despite these ecological benefits, the use of Bt biopesticides has lagged behind the synthetic chemicals. Genetic improvement of Bt natural strains, in particular Bt recombination, offers a promising means of improving efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Bt-based bioinsecticide products to develop new biotechnological applications. On the other hand, the different Bacillus species have important biotechnological applications; one of them is carried out by producing secondary metabolites, which are the study object of natural product chemistry. The amazing structural variability of these compounds has attracted the curiosity of chemists and the biological activities possessed by natural products have inspired the pharmaceutical industry to search for lead structures in microbial extracts. Screening of microbial extracts reveals the large structural diversity of natural compounds with broad biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and antitumor activities that enable the bacterium to survive in its natural environment. These findings widen the target range of Bacillus spp., in special B. thuringiensis, besides insecticidal activity and help people to better understand its role in soil ecosystem |
| Analysis |
Chemistry |
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Biotechnology |
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Microbiology |
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Life sciences |
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Agriculture |
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Applied Microbiology |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Subject |
Bacillus thuringiensis -- Biotechnology
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Bacillus thuringiensis.
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Pests -- Biological control.
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Bacillus thuringiensis
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Bacillus thuringiensis -- genetics
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Pest Control, Biological
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Biotechnology -- methods
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SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- Biology.
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SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- Microbiology.
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Science des matériaux.
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Chimie.
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Agriculture
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Biotechnology
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Life sciences
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Microbiology
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Sansinenea, Estibaliz
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| ISBN |
9789400730212 |
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9400730217 |
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9400730209 |
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9789400730205 |
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