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Title Integrated forest biorefineries : challenges and opportunities / edited by Lew Christopher
Published Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013

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Description 1 online resource (xiii, 313 pages) : illustrations
Series RSC green chemistry ; 18
Contents Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Current State and Development Potential / Lew P. Christopher -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Integrated Forest Biorefineries -- 1.2.1. Hemicellulose Platform -- 1.2.1.1. Hemicellulose Composition and Structure -- 1.2.1.2. Fate of Hemicellulose during Pulping -- 1.2.1.3. Hemicellulose Extraction -- 1.2.1.4. Bioproducts from Hemicellulose -- 1.2.1.5. Hemicellulose-Based Biorefinery -- 1.2.2. Lignin Platform -- 1.2.2.1. Lignin Composition and Structure -- 1.2.2.2. Fate of Lignin during Pulping -- 1.2.2.3. Bioproducts from Lignin -- 1.2.3. Extractives Platform -- 1.2.3.1.Composition, Classification and Properties of Extractives -- 1.2.3.2. Fate of Extractives during Pulping and Bleaching -- 1.3. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- ch. 2 Economic and Policy Aspects of Integrated Forest Biorefineries / Jianbang Gan -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Traditional Forest Products Sector
Contents note continued: 2.2.1. Conditions and Outlook of Forest Products Markets -- 2.2.2. Supply Chains of Traditional Forest Products -- 2.3. Integrated Forest Biorefineries (IFBRs) -- 2.3.1. Supply Chains of IFBRs -- 2.3.2. Key Economic Aspects of IFBRs -- 2.3.2.1. End-Product Portfolio -- 2.3.2.2. Feedstock Choices -- 2.3.2.3. Logistics and Conversion Technologies -- 2.3.2.4. Siting and Size of IFBRs -- 2.4.A. Decision Support Model for IFBRs -- 2.5. Policy Aspects of IFBRs -- 2.5.1. Major Barriers to IFBR Development and Deployment -- 2.5.2. Policy for Enhancing IFBR Development and Deployment -- 2.6. Summary and Discussion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- ch. 3 Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Sustainability Considerations for Forest Biomass Feedstocks / Virginia H. Dale -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Background -- 3.3.U.S. Sustainability Frameworks and Policy -- 3.4. International Sustainability Frameworks and Policy -- 3.5. Sustainability Topics to Watch -- Acknowledgements
Contents note continued: References -- ch. 4 Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Product-Based Economic Factors / Michael A. Behrens -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Biorefinery Operational Parameters -- 4.3. Hydrolysis Yield Impact on Economic Models -- 4.4. Benefits of Product-Driven Operational Parameters -- 4.5. Value of Residues -- 4.6. Thermochemical Options -- 4.7. Integrated Processing -- 4.8. Conclusion -- References -- ch. 5 Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Industrial Sustainability / Emmanuel Kofi Ackom -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Industrial Sustainability: An Overview -- 5.3. Integrated Forest Biorefinery: An Overview -- 5.3.1. Retrofitting Pulp and Paper Mills into Integrated Forest Biorefineries -- 5.3.2. Integrated Forest Biorefinery with Industrial Sustainability Applications: A Case Study on Tembec Temiscaming -- 5.4. Opportunities in Industrial Sustainability for Integrated Forest Biorefinery: A Case Study -- 5.4.1. Environmental Policy -- 5.4.2. Raw Material Sourcing
Contents note continued: 5.4.3. Manufacturing -- 5.4.4. Environmentally Benign Management of Waste Effluent and Reutilization -- 5.4.5. End-of-Life Management of Products -- 5.4.6. Socioeconomic Aspects -- 5.5. Challenges: Industrial Sustainability of Integrated Forest Biorefinery -- 5.5.1. Environmental Sustainability Issues Related to Feedstock -- 5.5.1.1. Greenhouse-Gas Emissions (Direct and Indirect) -- 5.5.1.2. Energy -- 5.5.1.3. Land for Food, Fuel and Fiber -- 5.5.1.4. Water -- 5.5.1.5. Biodiversity -- 5.5.1.6. Socioeconomic Aspects -- 5.5.2. Research and Development -- 5.5.3. Logistics -- 5.5.4. Investment -- 5.5.5.Competition with Other Industries for Feedstock -- 5.5.6. Processing -- 5.5.7. End-of-Life Legislations for New Products -- 5.6. Policy Intervention: Improving Competitiveness of Integrated Forest Biorefinery Through Industrial Sustainability -- 5.7. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 6 Prehydrolysis Pulping with Fermentation Coproducts / T.W. Jeffries
Contents note continued: 6.1. Introduction and Background -- 6.2. Prehydrolysis Thermomechanical Pulping -- 6.2.1. Experimental Prehydrolysis-TMP -- 6.2.2. Experimental Fermentation of Hydrolysate Sugars -- 6.2.3. Modeling Prehydrolysis-TMP and Fermentation Process Concept -- 6.3. Summary and Path Forward -- References -- ch. 7 Niche Position and Opportunities for Woody Biomass Conversion / Joel R. Howard -- 7.1. The "Business" of Transforming Plant Biomass for Human Use -- 7.2. The Science Behind the Technology: Woody Biomass Conversions -- 7.3. Pretreatment Processes -- 7.3.1. Acid Pretreatment -- 7.3.2. Alkaline Pretreatment -- 7.3.3. Steam Explosion Pretreatment -- 7.3.4. Ammonia Fiber Explosion Pretreatment (AFEX) -- 7.3.5. Hydrothermal Pretreatment -- 7.4. Bringing the Science to Commerce: ABS Process[™] Biorefinery Technology -- 7.5. Output Products from the ABS Process[™] -- 7.5.1. Products from Extracted Wood and Nonfood Agricultural Materials
Contents note continued: 7.5.2. Products from Extracted Sugars -- 7.5.3. Chemicals and Materials -- 7.5.4. Insol Fraction -- 7.5.5. Sol Fraction -- 7.6. Summary -- References -- ch. 8 Lignin Recovery and Lignin-Based Products / Birgit Backlund -- 8.1. Lignin Sources -- 8.1.1. Sources in Nature -- 8.1.2. Industrial Sources -- 8.2. Lignin Production and Process Integration -- 8.2.1. Lignins from Alkaline Pulping -- 8.2.1.1. Lignin Removal from Pulping Liquors -- 8.2.1.2. Analytical Data on Kraft and Soda Lignins -- 8.2.1.3. Process Integration and System Aspects -- 8.2.2. Lignin from Sulfite Pulping -- 8.2.2.1. Analytical Data on Sulfite Lignins -- 8.2.3. Lignin from Other Liquors -- 8.3. Lignin Upgrading and Products -- 8.3.1. Situation Today -- 8.3.2. Applications for Polymeric Lignin -- 8.3.2.1. Carbon Fibers -- 8.3.2.2. Activated Carbon -- 8.3.2.3. Polyurethanes -- 8.3.2.4. Adhesives -- 8.3.2.5.Complexing Agents -- 8.3.3. Applications for Monomeric Lignin -- 8.3.3.1. Phenols
Contents note continued: 8.3.3.2. Other Aromatics -- 8.3.4. Fuel Applications -- 8.3.4.1. Kraft Lignin Pellets and Kraft Lignin as Additive in Biofuel Pellets -- 8.3.4.2. Kraft Lignin Fuel Slurry -- 8.3.4.3. Experiences from Large-Scale Boiler Trials -- References -- ch. 9 Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Gasification and Pyrolysis for Fuel and Power Production / Steven Taylor -- 9.1. Biomass Gasification -- 9.1.1. Biomass Characterization -- 9.1.2. Gasifier Types and Processes -- 9.1.3. Chemical Reactions in the Gasification Process -- 9.1.4. Effect of Various Parameters in the Gasification Process -- 9.1.4.1. Moisture Content -- 9.1.4.2. Equivalence Ratio -- 9.1.4.3. Temperature -- 9.1.4.4. Biomass Type -- 9.1.4.5. Particle Size -- 9.1.4.6. Pressure -- 9.1.4.7. Gasification Medium -- 9.1.4.8. Bed Materials -- 9.1.5. Gasification of Black Liquor -- 9.1.6. Use of Producer Gas for Power and Fuels -- 9.2. Fast Pyrolysis -- 9.2.1. Pyrolysis Reactor Configurations -- 9.2.1.1. Bubbling-Fluidized Bed
Contents note continued: 9.2.1.2. Circulating-Fluidized Bed -- 9.2.1.3. Rotating-Cone Pyrolyzer -- 9.2.1.4. Ablative Pyrolysis -- 9.2.1.5. Vacuum Pyrolysis -- 9.2.1.6. Auger Reactor -- 9.2.2. Pyrolysis Mechanism and Pathways -- 9.2.3. Bio-Oil Properties -- 9.2.4. Bio-Oil Applications -- 9.2.4.1.Combustion -- 9.2.4.2. Transportation Fuels -- 9.2.4.3. Chemicals -- 9.2.5. Bio-Oil Upgrading -- 9.2.5.1. Hydrotreating -- 9.2.5.2. Catalytic Cracking -- 9.2.5.3. Catalytic Pyrolysis -- 9.2.6. Pyrolysis of Lignin -- 9.2.7. Economical Analysis -- References -- ch. 10 Biohydrogen Production from Cellulosic Biomass / Pin-Ching Maness -- 10.1. Biohydrogen -- 10.1.1. Dark Fermentative Hydrogen Production -- 10.1.2. Hydrogenase Enzymes -- 10.1.2.1.[FeFe]-Hydrogenases -- 10.1.2.2.[NiFe]-Hydrogenases -- 10.2. Thermodynamic Considerations -- 10.3. Hydrogen Yields from Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 10.3.1. Biohydrogen from Hydrolyzed Cellulose -- 10.3.2. Biohydrogen from Direct Cellulose Fermentation
Contents note continued: 10.4. Process Engineering for Fermentation -- 10.4.1. Single-Phase Fermentation Reactions -- 10.4.2. Two-Phase Systems -- 10.4.2.1. Dark Fermentation Followed by Photofermentation -- 10.4.2.2. Dark Fermentation Followed by Electrohydrogenesis -- References -- ch. 11 Integrated Technology for Biobased Composites / Theodore H. Wegner -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Conventional Biobased Composite Materials -- 11.2.1.Composite Elements -- 11.2.2. Adhesives -- 11.2.3. Additives -- 11.2.4. Products -- 11.2.4.1. Oriented Strandboard -- 11.2.4.2. Plywood -- 11.2.4.3. Structural Composite Lumber and Timber Products -- 11.2.4.4. Particleboard -- 11.2.4.5. Fiberboard -- 11.2.4.6. Cellulosic Board -- 11.3. Wood-Nonwood Composite Materials -- 11.3.1. Inorganic-Bonded Composite Materials -- 11.3.2. Wood-Thermoplastic Composite Materials -- References
Summary This reference book describes how bioprocessing and biotechnology could enhance the value extracted from wood-based lignocellulosic fiber by employing both biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes. It documents recent accomplishments and suggests future prospects for research and development of integrated forest biorefineries (IFBR) as the path forward for the pulp, paper and other fiber-processing industries. This is the only book to cover this area of high economic, social, and environmental importance. It is aimed at industrialists and academics from diverse science and engineeri
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index
Notes Cover title
Subject Wood distillation.
Biomass energy -- Refining
Chemistry.
Sustainability.
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Chemical & Biochemical.
Wood distillation
Form Electronic book
Author Christopher, Lew
ISBN 9781849735063
1849735069