Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment; Copyright; Other Recent Reports Of The Board On Environmental Studies And Toxicology; Preface; Contents; Executive Summary; REGULATION OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS; CHARGE TO THE STUDY COMMITTEE; CURRENT RISK-ASSESSMENT PRACTICES; STRATEGIES FOR RISK ASSESSMENT; Flexibility and the Use of Default Options; Recommendations; Validation: Methods and Models; Recommendations; Priority-Setting and Data Needs; Recommendations; Variability; Recommendations; Uncertainty; Recommendations; Aggregation; Recommendations; Communicating Risk; Recommendation
An Iterative ApproachRecommendations; OVERALL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS; 1 Introduction; Charge To The Committee; Conceptual Framework Of The Report; Part I Current Approaches to Risk Assessment; 2 Risk Assessment and Its Social and Regulatory Contexts; General Concepts; What is Risk Assessment?; How Is Risk Assessment Conducted?; What is the Relationship Between Risk Assessment and Research?; What is the Relationship Between Risk Assessment and Regulatory Decision-Making?; What Is a Default Option?; Historical Roots
Early Efforts to Establish Safe Limits of Exposure to Toxic SubstancesThe Problem of Carcinogens; NRC Study Of Risk Assessment In The Federal Government; Events After Release Of The 1983 NRC Report; Uses Of Risk Assessment In The Regulation Of Hazardous Air Pollutants; Noncancer Risk Associated With Hazardous Air Pollutants; Public Criticism Of Conduct And Uses Of Risk Assessment; Criticisms Pertaining to Conduct of Risk Assessment; Criticisms Pertaining to the Relationship Between Risk Assessment and Risk Management; Note; 3 Exposure Assessment; Introduction
1992 Exposure-Assessment GuidelinesExposure Calculation and the Maximally Exposed Individual; Emission Characterization; Sources of Emissions; Emission Estimation Methods; Measurement Methods; Modeling Used In Exposure Assessment; Modeling Airborne Concentrations; Modeling Multimedia Exposure to Air Pollutants; Alternative Transport and Fate Models; Time-Activity Patterns; Exposure-Assessment Models; Long-Term Exposure Modeling; Short-Term Exposure Modeling; 4 Assessment of Toxicity; Introduction; Principles Of Toxicity Assessment; Hazard Identification; Epidemiologic Studies; Animal Studies
Dose-Response AssessmentToxic Effects Other Than Cancer; Cancer; New Trends In Toxicity Assessment; 5 Risk Characterization; Introduction; Elements Of Risk Characterization; Quantitative Estimates of Risk; Individual Risk; Population Risk; Description of Uncertainty; Superfund Risk-Assessment Guidance; Uncertainty Analysis for Radionuclide Risk; Presentation of Risk Estimates; 1992 Exposure-Assessment Guidelines; Risk-Characterization Memorandum; Communication of Risk; Part II Strategies for Improving Risk Assessment; The Need For Risk-Assessment Principles; Reporting Risk Assessments
