Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction: The Scope and the Criteria -- I. Background and Principal Objective -- II. The Techniques -- III. Description of the Project and Methodology -- IV. Criteria for Evaluation of Mechanisms -- V. General Outline of this Book -- VI. Major Findings -- 2. European Policy and Mechanisms for Collective Redress -- I. Diverse Approaches and Piecemeal Legislation -- II. The Public-Private Split -- III. Objectives and Outcomes Replace Mechanisms -- IV. Consumer Enforcement
V. Consumer Collective Redress: Policy Debates -- VI. Commission's Recommendation on Collective Redress Mechanisms -- VII. The Political and Technical Conundrum -- VIII. Business Concerns on Ineffective Safeguards -- IX. Consumer Concerns from Business Scandals -- X. Proposals in 2016/17 -- XI. Competition Damages -- XII. Data Protection -- XIII. Investors -- XIV. Conclusions -- 3. Collective Actions -- I. Introduction -- II. Belgium -- III. Bulgaria -- IV. England and Wales -- V. Finland -- VI. France -- VII. Germany -- VIII. Italy -- IX. Lithuania -- X. The Netherlands -- XI. Poland
XII. Sweden -- 4. Criminal Compensation: Stand-alone and Consecutive Piggy-back -- I. Belgium -- II. United Kingdom -- 5. Regulatory Redress -- I. Concept -- II. The Range of Mechanisms of Regulatory Redress -- III. Examples of the Powers -- 6. Ombudsmen -- I. Typology -- II. National Ombudsmen Schemes -- 7. Reassessing the Objectives -- I. The Primary Objectives -- II. Delivering Compensation -- III. Affecting Future Behaviour -- IV. Empirical Evidence on the Failure of the US Class Action as a Regulatory Mechanism -- V. The Objectives Restated: Multi-functionalism -- 8. Conclusions
I. Overview of the Mechanisms -- II. Applying the Criteria -- III. Empirical Conclusions on the Mechanisms -- IV. Implications of the Findings -- Annex -- I. Damages Cases -- II. Cases Involving Injunctions/Market Behaviour (Not Compensation) -- III. Cases Identified by BEUC and COJEF -- Index
