History and the study of the classics.--Introducing Thucydides.--Greek and modern concepts of history.--History and the humanities.--The science of history.--Jacob Burckhardt as historical thinker.--The philosophy of history of Karl Marx.--Wilhelm Dilthey and the critique of historical reason.--Ernst Cassirer.--Panorama of 21 civilizations.--The social basis of the German Reformation.--Power politics and Christian ethics in early German protestantism.--Misfortune and moral decisions in German history.--The history of ideas