| Description |
x, 333 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm |
| Contents |
Machine derived contents note: Preface. -- Acknowledgments. -- 1. Historical perspective. -- 1.1 Continental drift. -- 1.2 Sea floor spreading and the birth of plate tectonics. -- 1.3 Geosynclinal theory. -- 1.4 Impact of plate tectonics. -- 2. The interior of the Earth. -- 2.1 Earthquake seismology. -- 2.1.1 Introduction. -- 2.1.2 Earthquake descriptors. -- 2.1.3 Seismic waves. -- 2.1.4 Earthquake location. -- 2.1.5 Mechanism of earthquakes. -- 2.1.6 Focal mechanism solutions of earthquakes. -- 2.1.7 Ambiguity in focal mechanism solutions. -- 2.1.8 Seismic tomography. -- 2.2 Velocity structure of the Earth. -- 2.3 Composition of the Earth. -- 2.4 The crust. -- 2.4.1 The continental crust. -- 2.4.2 Upper continental crust. -- 2.4.3 Middle and lower continental crust. -- 2.4.4 The oceanic crust. -- 2.4.5 Oceanic layer 1. -- 2.4.6 Oceanic layer 2. -- 2.4.7 Oceanic layer 3. -- 2.5 Ophiolites. -- 2.6 Metamorphism of oceanic crust. -- 2.7 Differences between continental and oceanic crust. -- 2.8 The mantle. -- 2.8.1 Introduction. -- 2.8.2 Seismic structure of the mantle. -- 2.8.3 Mantle composition. -- 2.8.4 The mantle low velocity zone. -- 2.8.5 The mantle transition zone. -- 2.8.6 The lower mantle. -- 2.9 The core. -- 2.10 Rheology of the crust and mantle. -- 2.10.1 Introduction. -- 2.10.2 Brittle deformation. -- 2.10.3 Ductile deformation. -- 2.10.4 Lithospheric strength profiles,. -- 2.10.5 Measuring continental deformation. -- 2.10.6 Deformation in the mantle. -- 2.11 Isostasy. -- 2.11.1 Introduction. -- 2.11.2 Airy?s hypothesis. -- 2.11.3 Pratt?s hypothesis. -- 2.11.4 Flexure of the lithosphere. -- 2.11.5 Isostatic rebound. -- 2.11.6 Tests of isostasy. -- 2.12 Lithosphere and asthenosphere. -- 2.13 Terrestrial heat flow. -- 3. Continental drift. -- 3.1 Introduction. -- 3.2 Continental reconstructions. -- 3.2.1 Euler?s theorem. -- 3.2.2 Geometric reconstructions of continents. -- 3.2.3 The reconstruction of continents around the Atlantic. -- 3.2.4 The reconstruction of Gondwana. -- 3.3 Geologic evidence for continental drift. -- 3.4 Paleoclimatology. -- 3.5 Paleontologic evidence for continental drift. -- 3.6 Paleomagnetism. -- 3.6.1 Introduction. -- 3.6.2 Rock magnetism. -- 3.6.3 Natural remanent magnetization. -- 3.6.4 The past and present geomagnetic field. -- 3.6.5 Apparent polar wander curves. -- 3.6.6 Paleogeographic reconstructions based on paleomagnetism. -- 4. Sea floor spreading and transform faults. -- 4.1 Sea floor spreading. -- 4.1.1 Introduction. -- 4.1.2 Marine magnetic anomalies. -- 4.1.3 Geomagnetic reversals. -- 4.1.4 Sea floor spreading. -- 4.1.5 The Vine?Matthews hypothesis. -- 4.1.6 Magnetostratigraphy. -- 4.1.7 Dating of the ocean floor. -- 4.2 Transform faults. -- 4.2.1 Introduction. -- 4.2.2 Ridge-ridge transform faults. -- 4.2.3 Ridge jumps and transform fault offsets. -- 5. The framework of plate tectonics. -- 5.1 Plates and plate margins. -- 5.2 Distribution of earthquakes. -- 5.3 Relative plate motions. -- 5.4 Absolute plate motions. -- 5.5 Hotspots. -- 5.6 True polar wander. -- 5.7 Cretaceous superplume. -- 5.8 Direct measurement of relative plate motions. -- 5.9 Finite plate motions. -- 5.10 Stability of triple junctions. -- 5.11 Present day triple junctions. -- 6. Ocean ridges. -- 6.1 Ocean ridge topography. -- 6.2 Broad structure of the upper mantle below ridges. -- 6.3 Origin of anomalous upper mantle beneath ridges. -- 6.4 Depth-age relationship of oceanic lithosphere. -- 6.5 Heat flow and hydrothermal circulation. -- 6.6 Seismic evidence for an axial magma chamber. -- 6.7 Along-axis segmentation of oceanic ridges. -- 6.8 Petrology of ocean ridges. -- 6.9 Shallow structure of the axial region. -- 6.10 Origin of the oceanic crust. -- 6.11 Propagating rifts and microplates. -- 6.12 Oceanic fracture zones. -- 7. Continental rifts and rifted margins. -- 7.1 Introduction. -- 7.2 General characteristics of narrow rifts. -- 7.3 General characteristics of wide rifts. -- 7.4 Volcanic activity. -- 7.4.1 Large igneous provinces. -- 7.4.2 Petrogenesis of rift rocks. -- 7.4.3 Mantle upwelling beneath rifts. -- 7.5 Rift initiation. -- 7.6 Strain localization and delocalization processes. -- 7.6.1 Introduction. -- 7.6.2 Lithospheric stretching. -- 7.6.3 Buoyancy forces and lower crustal flow. -- 7.6.4 Lithospheric flexure. -- 7.6.5 Strain-induced weakening. -- 7.6.6 Rheological stratification of the lithosphere. -- 7.6.7 Magma-assisted rifting. -- 7.7 Rifted continental margins. -- 7.7.1 Volcanic margins. -- 7.7.2 Nonvolcanic margins. -- 7.7.3 The evolution of rifted margins. -- 7.8 Case studies: the transition from rift to rifted margin. -- 7.8.1 The East African Rift system. -- 7.8.2 The Woodlark Rift. -- 7.9 The Wilson cycle. -- 8. Continental transforms and strike-slip faults. -- 8.1 Introduction. -- 8.2 Fault styles and physiography. -- 8.3 The deep structure of continental transforms. -- 8.3.1 The Dead Sea Transform. -- 8.3.2 The San Andreas Fault. -- 8.3.3 The Alpine Fault. -- 8.4 Transform continental margins. -- 8.5 Continuous versus discontinuous deformation. -- 8.5.1 Introduction. -- 8.5.2 Relative plate motions and surface velocity fields. -- 8.5.3 Model sensitivities. -- 8.6 Strain localization and delocalization mechanisms. -- 8.6.1 Introduction. -- 8.6.2 Lithospheric heterogeneity. -- 8.6.3 Strain-softening feedbacks. -- 8.7 Measuring the strength of transforms. -- 9. Subduction zones. -- 9.1 Ocean trenches. -- 9.2 General morphology of island arc systems. -- 9.3 Gravity anomalies of subduction zones. -- 9.4 Structure of subduction zones from earthquakes. -- 9.5 Thermal structure of the downgoing slab. -- 9.6 Variations in subduction zone characteristics. -- 9.7 Accretionary prisms. -- 9.8 Volcanic and plutonic activity. -- 9.9 Metamorphism at convergent margins. -- 9.10 Backarc basins. -- 10. Orogenic belts. -- 10.1 Introduction. -- 10.2 Ocean-continent convergence. -- 10.2.1 Introduction. -- 10.2.2 Seismicity, plate motions and subduction geometry. -- 10.2.3 General geology of the central and southern Andes. -- 10.2.4 Deep structure of the central Andes. -- 10.2.5 Mechanisms of noncollisional orogenesis. -- 10.3 Compressional sedimentary basins. -- 10.3.1 Introduction. -- 10.3.2 Foreland basins. -- 10.3.3 Basin inversion. -- 10.3.4 Modes of shortening in foreland fold-thrust belts. -- 10.4 Continent-continent collision. -- 10.4.1 Introduction. -- 10.4.2 Relative plate motions and collisional history. -- 10.4.3 Surface velocity fields and seismicity. -- 10.4.4 General geology of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. -- 10.4.5 Deep structure. -- 10.4.6 Mechanisms of continental collision. -- 10.5 Arc-continent collision. -- 10.6 Terrane accretion and continental growth. -- 10.6.1 Terrane analysis. -- 10.6.2 Structure of accretionary orogens. -- 10.6.3 Mechanisms of terrane accretion. -- 11. Precambrian tectonics and the supercontinent cycle. -- 11.1 Introduction. -- 11.2 Precambrian heat flow. -- 11.3 Archean tectonics. -- 11.3.1 General characteristics of cratonic mantle lithosphere. -- 11.3.2 General geology of Archean cratons. -- 11.3.3 The formation of Archean lithosphere. -- 11.3.4 Crustal structure. -- 11.3.5 Horizontal and vertical tectonics. -- 11.4 Proterozoic tectonics. -- 11.4.1 General geology of Proterozoic crust. -- 11.4.2 Continental growth and craton stabilization. -- 11.4.3 Proterozoic plate tectonics. -- 11.5 The supercontinent cycle. -- 11.5.1 Introduction. -- 11.5.2 Pre-Mesozoic reconstructions. -- 11.5.3 A Late Proterozoic supercontinent. -- 11.5.4 Earlier supercontinents. -- 11.5.5 Gondwana-Pangea assembly and dispersal. -- 12. The mechanism of plate tectonics. -- 12.1 Introduction. -- 12.2 Contracting Earth hypothesis. -- 12.3 Expanding Earth hypothesis. -- 12.3.1 Calculation of the ancient moment of inertia of the Earth. -- 12.3.2 Calculation of the ancient radius of the Earth. -- 12.4 Implications of heat flow. -- 12.5 Convection in the mantle. -- 12.5.1 The convection process |
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-- 12.5.2 Feasibility of mantle convection. -- 12.5.3 The vertical extent of convection. -- 12.6 The forces acting on plates. -- 12.7 Driving mechanism of plate tectonics. -- 12.7.1 Mantle drag mechanism. -- 12.7.2 Edge-force mechanism. -- 12.8 Evidence for convection in the mantle. -- 12.8.1 Introduction. -- 12.8.2 Seismic tomography. -- 12.8.3 Superswells. -- 12.8.4 The D? layer. -- 12.9 The nature of convection in the mantle. -- 12.10 Plumes. -- 12.11 The mechanism of the supercontinent cycle. -- 13. Implications of plate tectonics. -- 13.1 Environmental change. -- 13.1.1 Changes in sea level and sea water chemistry. -- 13.1.2 Changes in oceanic circulation and the Earth?s climate. -- 13.1.3 Land areas and climate. -- 13.2 Economic geology. -- 13.2.1 Introduction. -- 13.2.2 Autochthonous and allochthonous mineral deposits. -- 13.2.3 Deposits of sedimentary basins. -- 13.2.4 Deposits related to climate. -- 13.2.5 Geothermal power. -- 13.3 Natural hazards. -- Review questions. -- Appendix: The geological timescale and stratigraphic column. -- References. -- Index |
| Notes |
Previous ed.: 1990 |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (pages 303-322) and index |
| Subject |
Plate tectonics.
|
| Author |
Vine, F. J.
|
| LC no. |
95049623 |
| ISBN |
0865429243 |
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