Introduction: Revisiting the Intellectual Transformation of Nineteenth-Century France -- 1. Between Positivism and Republicanism: Emile Littre and The Founding of the Third Republic -- 2. Centralist Defender of the State: The Eclectic Republicanism of Charles Dupont-White -- 3. From Democratic Advocate to Monarchist Critic of the Republic: The Ambiguous Republicanism of Etienne Vacherot -- 4. A Republican Saint-Simonian: Eugene Pelletan and the Transformation of Nineteenth-Century Republicanism -- 5. Neo-Kantian Moralist and Activist: Jules Barni and the Establishment of the Municipalist Republic -- Conclusion: The Origins of the Third Republic Reconsidered
