Ideological responses to inequality -- Social foundations of Black South African politics -- Lembede and the ANC League, 1943-1949 -- The African National Congress in the 1950s -- The Africanist Movement, 1951-1958 -- The Pan Africanist Congress, 1959-1960 -- Sharpeville and quiescence -- Black consciousness in the 1970s -- From Black consciousness to Black power? The 1980s and beyond