| Description |
1 online resource (xv, 352 pages) : maps |
| Contents |
Introduction -- 1: What Causes War Atrocities: A Historical Analysis -- 2: The Battle of Shanghai and the Prelude to Nanking -- 3: Nanking: Analysis of Military Actions and Number of Victims -- 4: Nanking: Analysis of Individually Committed Crimes and Nature of Atrocities -- 5: Aftermath and Reaction until 1945 -- 6: War Crimes Trials -- 7: Sounds of Controversy -- Conclusion -- Appendix A: Japanese and Chinese Forces in Nanking -- Appendix B: Burial Statistics of Red Swastika Society in Nanking -- Appendix C: Burial Records of Ch'ung-shan-t'ang -- Appendix D: Civilian Losses Based on Smythe's Data -- Bibliography -- Index |
| Summary |
The December 1937 incident that has come to be known as the Rape of Nanking is, without doubt, a tragedy that will not soon be forgotten. While acknowledging that a tremendous loss of life occurred, this study challenges the current prevailing notion that the incident was a deliberate, planned effort on the part of the Japanese military and analyzes events to produce an accurate estimate of the scale of the atrocities. Drawing on Chinese, Japanese, and English sources, Yamamoto determines that what happened at Nanking were unfortunate atrocities of conventional war with precedents in both Eastern and Western military history. He concludes that post-war events such as the war crimes trials and the impact of the Holocaust in Europe affected public opinion regarding Nanking and led to a dramatic reinterpretation of events. The Rape of Nanking consisted of two distinct phases: the mass execution of prisoners of war (as well as conscription age men who appeared to be combatants) and the delinquent acts of individual soldiers. The first phase, which occurred immediately after Nanking's fall and which claimed most of the atrocity victims, was the result of the Japanese military's attempt to clear the city of Chinese soldiers thought to be in plain clothes. The second phase, which lasted approximately six weeks, was horrible, but resulted in a much smaller number of fatalities. It was characterized by numerous criminal acts, ranging from rape and murder to arson and theft, committed by unrestrained Japanese soldiers. The root cause for both phases was the Japanese military's bureaucratic inefficiency and command irresponsibility. While both Chinese and American contemporary sources initially attributed the incident to these causes, subsequent Japanese atrocities against both military and civilian Allied personnel during World War II and evidence presented at war crimes trials would come to reshape perceptions of the Nanking events as an Asian counterpart to the Nazi Holocaust |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-343) and index |
| Notes |
English |
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Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002. http://purl.oclc.org/DLF/benchrepro0212 MiAaHDL |
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Print version record |
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digitized 2010 HathiTrust Digital Library committed to preserve pda MiAaHDL |
| Subject |
Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937.
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HISTORY.
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Massamoorden.
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Japanners.
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Bezettingen.
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| SUBJECT |
Nanjing (Jiangsu Sheng, China) -- History
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| Subject |
China -- Nanjing (Jiangsu Sheng)
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Nanjing.
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| Genre/Form |
History
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| LC no. |
99059655 |
| ISBN |
0313000964 |
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9780313000966 |
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0275969045 |
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9780275969042 |
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