| Description |
1 online resource (xxv, 133 pages) |
| Series |
St Antony's series |
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St. Antony's series (Palgrave Macmillan (Firm))
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| Contents |
Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Boxes -- 1 Scientific Policy Advising: Exploring the Science-Policy Ecosystem -- 1.1 Issues for Which Policy-Makers Need Advice -- 1.2 Scientific Advising: Criteria, Organizations and Practices -- 1.2.1 Organizational Criteria for Effective, Trustworthy and High-Quality Advising -- 1.2.2 How Scientific Advising Is Organized -- 1.2.3 Good Scientific Advising Practices -- 1.2.4 Evidence-Based Policy-Making: A Reflection on Rationality and Other Values |
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1.3 The Roles that Scientific Advisers Can Play -- 1.4 The Science-Policy Ecosystem: Zooming Out to the Whole Picture -- 1.4.1 Simple Science-Policy Interfaces -- 1.4.2 The Science-Policy Ecosystem: A Holistic Approach to Advising -- 1.4.3 A Hypothetical Problem -- 1.4.4 Distracting Influences in the Science-Policy Ecosystem -- 1.5 Chapter Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 2 How Bias Distorts Evidence and Its Assessment -- 2.1 Bias Basics -- 2.1.1 Origin of the Word "Bias": Biased Balls in the Old Game of Bowls -- 2.1.2 Bias in Nineteenth-Century Sociological Research |
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2.1.3 How the Brain Biases Thinking -- 2.2 Cognitive Dissonance -- 2.3 Overcoming Bias or Living with It? -- 2.4 The Most Frequent Biases in the Scientific Advisory Process -- 2.4.1 Research Biases -- 2.4.1.1 Sampling Biases -- 2.4.1.2 Experimenter Biases -- 2.4.1.3 Reporting Biases -- 2.4.1.4 Sponsorship Bias -- 2.4.2 Cultural and Value Biases -- 2.4.2.1 The Ideological Bias -- 2.4.2.2 The In-Group Bias -- 2.4.2.3 The Confirmation Bias -- 2.4.2.4 The Stereotype Bias -- 2.4.3 Attention Biases -- 2.4.3.1 Tunnel Vision and the Blind Spot Bias -- 2.4.3.2 The Bias Blind Spot |
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2.4.3.3 The Target Bias -- 2.4.4 Interest-Based Biases -- 2.4.4.1 The Self-Serving Bias -- 2.4.4.2 The Tactical Bias -- 2.4.4.3 The Conflict of Interest Bias -- 2.4.5 Availability Biases -- 2.4.5.1 The Media Bias -- 2.4.5.2 The Anchoring Bias -- 2.4.5.3 The Knowledge Bias -- 2.4.5.4 The Authority Bias -- 2.4.6 Associative Biases -- 2.4.6.1 The Nature and Bio Biases -- 2.4.6.2 The Romantic Bias -- 2.4.6.3 The Ethicality Bias -- 2.5 Illustrations -- 2.5.1 Gilles-Éric Séralini on Roundup and GM -- 2.5.1.1 The Séralini Affair in a Nutshell -- 2.5.1.2 Interviewees' Reflections on the Controversy |
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2.5.1.3 Biases and Cognitive Dissonance in the Séralini Case -- 2.5.2 Andrew Wakefield on the MMR Vaccine -- 2.5.2.1 Wakefield's Lancet Paper -- 2.5.2.2 How Could a Fraudulent Paper Have Had Such an Effect on Vaccination Rates? -- 2.5.2.3 Biases and Cognitive Dissonance in the Wakefield Case -- 2.5.3 The European Biofuel Policy -- 2.5.3.1 A Policy Intended to Address Climate Change -- 2.5.3.2 Reflections on How the Policy's Adverse Effects May Have Been Overlooked -- 2.5.3.3 Biases and Cognitive Dissonance in the Biofuel Case -- 2.6 The Bias Wheel: A Tool for Bias-Awareness in Scientific Advising |
| Summary |
Policymakers prepare society for the future and this book provides a practical toolkit for preparing pro-active, future-proof scientific policy advice for them. It explains how to make scientific advisory strategies holistic. It also explains how and where biases, which interfere with the proper functioning of the entire science-policy ecosystem, arise and investigates how emotions and other biases affect the understanding and assessment of scientific evidence. The book advocates explorative foresight, systems thinking, interdisciplinarity, bias awareness and the anticipation of undesirable impacts in policy advising, and it offers practical guidance for them. Written in an accessible style, the book offers provocative reflections on how scientific policy advice should be sensitive to more than scientific evidence. It is both an appealing introductory text for everyone interested in science-based policy and a valuable guide for the experienced scientific adviser and policy scholar |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
2.7 Chapter Summary and Conclusions |
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Online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on February 18, 2020) |
| Subject |
Science and state.
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Technology and state.
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Technology and state
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Science and state
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9783030321260 |
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3030321266 |
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