| Description |
501 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 28 cm |
| Contents |
Machine derived contents note: Table Of Contents -- To the Instructor ix -- To the Studentx ix -- About the Authors 1 -- 1 What Is Psychology? 3 -- The Science of Psychology 4 -- Psychology, Pseudoscience, and Common Sense 4 -- The Birth of Modern Psychology 5 -- Psychology¿s Present 6 -- What Psychologists Do 9 -- Psychological Research 9 -- Psychological Practice 10 -- Psychology in the Community 12 -- Critical and Scientific Thinking in Psychology 12 -- Descriptive Studies: Establishing the Facts 17 -- Case Studies18Observational Studies 18 -- Tests 19 -- Surveys 20 -- Correlational Studies: Looking for Relationships 22 -- Measuring Correlations 22 -- Cautions About Correlations 23 -- The Experiment: Hunting for Causes 24 -- Experimental Variables 24 -- Experimental and Control Conditions 26 -- Experimenter Effects 27 -- Advantages and Limitations of Experiments 27 -- Evaluating the Findings 29 -- Why Psychologists Use Statistics 29 -- From the Laboratory to the Real World 31 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOUWhat Psychology Can Do for You¿and What It Can¿t 33 -- 2 Theories Of Personality 39 -- Psychodynamic Theories of Personality 40 -- Freud and Psychoanalysis 41 -- Other Psychodynamic Approaches 44 -- Evaluating Psychodynamic Theories 46 -- The Modern Study of Personality 47 -- The Genetic Contribution 51 -- Heredity and Temperament 51 -- Heredity and Traits 52 -- Evaluating Genetic Theories 54 -- Environmental Influences on Personality 55 -- Situations and Social Learning 55 -- The Power of Parents 56 -- The Power of Peers 58 -- Cultural Influences on Personality 59 -- Culture, Values, and Traits 59 -- Evaluating Cultural Approaches 62 -- The Inner Experience 63 -- Humanist Approaches 63 -- Evaluating Humanist Theories 64 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOUHow to Avoid the ¿Barnum Effect¿ 66 -- 3 Development Over The Lifespan 71 -- From Conception Through the First Year 72 -- Prenatal Development 72 -- The Infant¿s World 74 -- Attachment 75 -- Cognitive Development 77 -- Language 77 -- Thinking 80 -- Moral Development 85 -- Moral Reasoning 85 -- Moral Behavior 86 -- Gender Development 88 -- Influences on Gender Development 89 -- Gender over the Life Span 91 -- Adolescence 92 -- The Physiology of Adolescence 92 -- The Psychology of Adolescence 94 -- Adulthood 95 -- Stages and Ages 96 -- The Transitions of Life 97 -- Old Age 99 -- Are Adults Prisoners of Childhood? 101 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU Bringing Up Baby 103 -- 4 Neurons, Hormones, And The Brain 109 -- The Nervous System: A Basic Blueprint 110 -- The Central Nervous System 110 -- The Peripheral Nervous System 111 -- Communication in the Nervous System 113 -- The Structure of the Neuron 114 -- Neurons in the News 115 -- How Neurons Communicate 116 -- Chemical Messengers in the Nervous System 118 -- Mapping the Brain 121 -- A Tour Through the Brain 123 -- The Brain Stem 123 -- The Cerebellum 124 -- The Thalamus 124 -- The Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland 124 -- The Amygdala 125 -- The Hippocampus 125 -- The Cerebrum 126 -- The Two Hemispheres of the Brain 129 -- Split Brains: A House Divided 129 -- The Two Hemispheres: Allies or Opposites? 131 -- Two Stubborn Issues in Brain Research 132 -- Where is the Self? 132 -- Are There ¿His¿ and ¿Hers¿ Brains? 133 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU Food for Thought: Diet and Neurotransmitters 137 -- 5 Consciousness: Body Rhythms And Mental States 143 -- Biological Rhythms: The Tides of Experience 144 -- Circadian Rhythms 144 -- Moods and Long-term Rhythms 146 -- The Rhythms of Sleep 150 -- Why We Sleep 150 -- The Realms of Sleep 152 -- Exploring the Dream World 154 -- Dreams as Unconscious Wishes 154 -- Dreams as Reflections of Current Concerns 155 -- Dreams as a By-product of Mental Housekeeping 155 -- Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity 156 -- Evaluating Dream Theories 157 -- The Riddle of Hypnosis 158 -- The Nature of Hypnosis 159 -- Theories of Hypnosis 160 -- Consciousness-Altering Drugs 162 -- Classifying Drugs 163 -- The Physiology of Drug Effects 166 -- The Psychology of Drug Effects 166 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU How to Get a Good Night¿s Sleep 170 -- 6 Sensation And Perception 175 -- Our Sensational Senses 176 -- The Riddle of Separate Sensations 176 -- Measuring the Senses 177 -- Sensory Adaptation 179 -- Sensory Overload 180 -- Vision 181 -- What We See 181 -- An Eye on the World 182 -- Why the Visual System is Not a Camera 184 -- How We See Colors 186 -- Constructing the Visual World 187 -- Hearing 193 -- What We Hear 193 -- An Ear on the World 193 -- Constructing the Auditory World 195 -- Other Senses 196 -- Taste: Savory Sensations 196 -- Smell: The Sense of Scents 197 -- Senses of the Skin 199 -- The Mystery of Pain 199 -- The Environment Within 200 -- Perceptual Powers: Origins and Influences 201 -- Inborn Abilities 201 -- Critical Periods 202 -- Psychological and Cultural Influences 203 -- Puzzles of Perception 205 -- Subliminal Perception 205 -- Extrasensory Perception: Reality or Illusion? 206 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU Living with Pain 208 -- 7 Thinking And Intelligence 213 -- Thought: Using What We Know 214 -- The Elements of Cognition 214 -- How Conscious is Thought? 215 -- Reasoning Rationally 217 -- Formal Reasoning: Algorithms and Logic 217 -- Informal Reasoning: Heuristics and Dialectical Thinking 218 -- Reflective Judgment 219 -- Barriers to Reasoning Rationally 222 -- Exaggerating the Improbable 222 -- Avoiding Loss 222 -- Biases Due to Mental Sets 223 -- The Hindsight Bias 224 -- The Confirmation Bias 224 -- The Need for Cognitive Consistency 225 -- Overcoming our Cognitive Biases 227 -- Intelligence 228 -- Measuring Intelligence: The Psychometric Approach 228 -- Dissecting Intelligence: The Cognitive Approach 232 -- The Origins of Intelligence 234 -- Genes and Intelligence 234 -- The Environment and Intelligence 236 -- Motivation and Intellectual Success 238 -- Animal Minds 239 -- Animal Intelligence 240 -- Animals and Language 241 -- Thinking about the Thinking of Animals 243 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU Becoming More Creative 244 -- 8 Memory 251 -- Reconstructing the Past 252 -- The Manufacture of Memory 252 -- The Fading Flashbulb 253 -- The Conditions of Confabulation 254 -- Memory and the Power of Suggestion 255 -- The Eyewitness on Trial 255 -- Children¿s Testimony 256 -- In Pursuit of Memory 258 -- Measuring Memory 259 -- Models of Memory 260 -- The Three-Box Model of Memory 262 -- The Sensory Register: Fleeting Impressions 262 -- Short-term Memory: Memory¿s Scratch Pad 262 -- Long-term Memory: Final Destination 264 -- How We Remember 268 -- Effective Encoding 268 -- Rehearsal 268 -- Mnemonics 269 -- Why We Forget 270 -- Decay 272 -- Replacement 272 -- Interference 273 -- Cue-dependent Forgetting 274 -- The Repression Controversy 274 -- Autobiographical Memories 276 -- Childhood Amnesia: The Missing Years 276 -- Memory and Narrative: The Stories of Our Lives 278 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU How to Remember What You Study 280 -- 9 Learning 285 -- Classical Conditioning 286 -- New Reflexes from Old 286 -- Principles of Classical Conditioning 286 -- What is Actually Learned in Classical Conditioning? 289 -- Classical Conditioning in Real Life 290 -- Learning to Like 290 -- Learning to Fear 291 -- Accounting for Taste 292 -- Reacting to Medical Treatments 292 -- Operant Conditioning 294 -- The Birth of Radical Behaviorism 294 -- The Consequences of Behavior 295 -- Principles of Operant Conditioning 297 -- Skinner: The Man and the Myth 300 -- Operant Conditioning in Real Life 301 -- The Pros and Cons of Punishment 302 -- The Problems with Reward 304 -- Learning and the Mind 307 -- Latent Learning 307 -- Social-Cognitive Learning Theories 308 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU Shape Up!311 -- 10 Behavior In Social And Cultural Context 317 -- Roles and Rules 318 -- The Obedience Study 318 -- The Prison Study 321 -- Why People Obey 321 -- Social Influences on Beliefs 324 -- Attributions 324 -- Attitudes 326 -- Individuals in Groups 330 -- Conformity 330 -- Groupthink 331 -- The Anonymous Crowd 332 -- Disobedience and Dissent 334 -- Us Versus Them: Group Identity 335 -- Ethnic Identity 336 -- Ethnocentrism 337 -- Stereotypes 337 -- Group Conflict and Prejudice 339 -- The Origins of Prejudice 339 -- Defining and Measuring Prejudice 341 -- Reducing Conflict and Prejudice 344 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU Travels Across the Cultural Divide 347 -- 11 Psychological Disorders 353 -- Defining and Diagnosing Disorder 354 -- Dilemmas of Definition 354 -- Dilemmas of Diagnosis 355 -- Dilemmas of Measurement 358 -- Anxiety Disorders 360 -- Anxiety and Panic 360 -- Fears and Phobias 362 -- Obsessions and Compulsions 363 -- Mood Disorders 364 -- Depression 364 -- Bipolar Disorder 365 -- Theories of Depression 365 -- Personality Disorders 368 -- Problem Personalities 368 -- Antisocial Personality Disorder 368 -- Drug Abuse and Addiction 371 -- Biology and Addiction 371 -- Learning, Culture, and Addiction 373 -- Debating the Causes of Addiction 374 -- Dissociative Identity Disorder 376 -- Schizophrenia 378 -- Symptoms of Schizophrenia 378 -- Theories of Schizophrenia 380 -- TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU When a Friend Is Suicidal 383 -- 12 Approaches To Treatment And Therapy 389 -- Biological Treatments for Mental Disorders 390 -- The Question of Drugs 390 -- Direct Brain Intervention 394 -- Kinds of Psychotherapy 396 -- Psychodynamic Therapy 396 -- Behavior and Cognitive Therapy 397 -- Humanist and Existential T |
| Notes |
Includes Internet access |
|
Previous ed.: 2005 |
|
Formerly CIP. Uk |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and indexes |
| Subject |
Psychology.
|
|
Psychology -- Textbooks.
|
| Genre/Form |
Textbooks.
|
| Author |
Tavris, Carol.
|
| LC no. |
2006102412 |
| ISBN |
0131750631 |
|
9780131750630 |
|
9780136016090 paperback |
|
013601609X paperback |
|
