Cover; Title; Copyright; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; Section I Foundations; 1 What Is Research?; 2 Defining and Describing Variables; 3 Designing Sound Research-Variable Roles, Threats to Validity, and Research Design; 4 How Are Research Questions Formed and What Are the Parts of Well-Written Research Reports?; 5 What Is Logical About Statistical Logic and What Purposes Does It Serve?; Section II Analyzing Differences Between Two Sets of Data; 6 The Parametric t-Test Statistics; 7 The Non-parametric Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Statistics
Section III Analyzing Differences Among More Than Two Sets of Data8 Introduction to the Parametric Between-Groups Analysis of Variance Statistic; 9 The Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's Test Statistics; Section IV Analyzing Patterns Within a Variable and Between Two Variables; 10 The Parametric Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Statistic; 11 The Non-parametric Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau Statistics; 12 The Non-parametric Chi-Squared Statistics; References; Index
Summary
Assuming no familiarity with statistical methods, this text for language education research methods and statistics courses provides detailed guidance and instruction on principles of designing, conducting, interpreting, reading, and evaluating statistical research done in classroom settings or with a small number of participants. While three different types of statistics are addressed (descriptive, parametric, non-parametric) the emphasis is on non-parametric statistics because they are appropriate when the number of participants is small and the conditions for use of parametric statistics
