The case studies of four quite different approaches provide valuable data and models that might inform future directions for Literacy, numeracy and approaches to lifelong learning in Australia. The key findings of this review suggest that urgent action is required in: Developing a language and literacy policy for Australia ; Addressing the issue of lifelong learning and the exclusion of disadvantaged groups ; Developing research proposals which explore the relationship between literacy and numeracy capability and lifelong learning ; Increasing the level of resources available for professional development of teachers to facilitate the development of new skills required for the 21st century ; Developing new pedagogies which will engage those currently excluded from education
