| Description |
1 online resource (xii, 379 pages) : illustrations |
| Series |
Advances in soil science |
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Advances in soil science (Boca Raton, Fla.)
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| Contents |
Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Preface; Editors; Contributors; Chapter 1: Benefits and Unintended Consequences of Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizers; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Brief History of Development of Synthetic N; 1.3 Dependency of Worldwide Food Security on Synthetic Nitrogen; 1.4 Unintended Consequences of N Fertilizer Usage; 1.4.1 Earliest Concerns; 1.4.2 Phosphorus Effect; 1.4.3 Translocation of Nutrients; 1.4.4 Water Quality Consequences; 1.4.4.1 Toledo, Ohio; 1.4.4.2 Des Moines, Iowa; 1.4.4.3 Phosphorus Fertilizer Bans |
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1.5 Why Does the Nitrogen Problem Defy a Solution?1.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Nitrogen Fixation by Pulse Crops and the Use of Nitrogen Isotopic Techniques to Measure the Fixation Capacity; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Quantification of Field Biological Nitrogen Fixation; 2.2.1 Methods for Quantifying Biological Nitrogen Fixation; 2.2.1.1 Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA); 2.2.1.2 Nodule Observation; 2.2.1.3 Xylem Sap Analysis; 2.2.1.4 Nitrogen Balance or the Difference Method; 2.2.1.5 Nitrogen Stable (Nitrogen-15) Isotopic Techniques; 2.2.2 Basic Principles of Nitrogen Stable Isotopes |
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2.2.2.1 Notation of 15N Isotopic Data2.2.2.1.1 Atom% 15N; 2.2.2.1.2 Atom% 15N excess; 2.2.2.1.3 Delta (Î)́ 15N; 2.2.2.2 Conversion of Atom% 15N to Delta (Î)́ 15N and Vice Versa; 2.2.2.2.1 From Î1́5N (â#x80;°) to Atom% 15N; 2.2.2.2.2 From Atom% 15N to Î1́5N (â#x80;°); 2.2.3 The 15N Dilution Method; 2.2.4 15N Natural Abundance (NA) Method; 2.3 Summary and Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 3: The Role of Nitrogen Stable Isotopes to Investigate Soil Nitrogen Transformations and Cycling in Agricultural Systems; 3.1 Introduction |
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3.2 An Overview of Soil Nitrogen Pools, Processes, and Transformations3.2.1 Nitrogen in Natural Soil-Plant Ecosystems; 3.2.2 Effects of Agriculture on Soil N Cycling; 3.2.3 Microbial N Processes in Agricultural Soils that Can Result in N Losses to the Environment; 3.2.4 N in Arable Systems; 3.2.5 N in High-Density Confinement or Housed Meat and Dairy Systems; 3.2.6 N in Grazed Pastures; 3.2.7 Maintenance of Optimum Soil Inorganic N Levels; 3.2.8 Maintaining Soil Organic N Levels; 3.2.9 Helping Soil Microorganisms to Maintain Tight N Cycles; 3.2.10 Conclusions |
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3.3 Basic Principles of Nitrogen Stable Isotopic Techniques3.3.1 15N Dilution Method; 3.3.2 15N Natural Abundance Approach; 3.3.2.1 Influence of Topography, Riparian Zones, and Soil Ages; 3.3.2.2 Influence of Nitrogen Inputs from Atmosphere and Fertilizers; 3.3.2.3 Influence of Land Use and Management Practices; 3.3.2.4 Influence of Manure and Excreta from Grazing Animals; 3.3.2.5 Influence of Plants; 3.3.2.6 Influence of Soil Depth; 3.3.3 Summary; 3.4 Specific Applications of 15N Stable Isotopes Techniques in Agricultural Systems; 3.4.1 Applications of 15N Dilution Method |
| Summary |
"Nitrogen (N) is potentially one of the most complex elements on the Earth. It is necessary for all biological activity, but creates negative impacts on water and air quality. There is a balancing act between deficiency and surplus and the forms of N available further complicate our understanding of the dynamics. Biological fixation provides some plants with N supply while others are totally dependent upon N being available in the soil profile for the roots to extract. Nevertheless, the demand for N will increase because the human population with its increasing growth requires more protein and thus more N. Understanding the global N cycle is imperative to meeting current and future nitrogen demands while decreasing environmental impacts. This book discusses availability, production, and recycling of N in air, water, plants, and soils. It features information on N impacts to soil and water quality, management of N in agroecosystems, and techniques to maximize the use efficiency while minimizing the risks of leakage of reactive N into the environment. This volume in the Advances in Soil Science series is specifically devoted to availability, production, and recycling of N with impact on climate change and water quality, and management of N in agroecosystems in the context of maximizing the use efficiency and minimizing the risks of leakage of reactive N (NO-3, NƠ2O) into the environment.??"--Provided by publisher |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Subject |
Nitrogen in agriculture.
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Soils -- Nitrogen content.
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TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Agriculture -- General.
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Nitrogen in agriculture
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Soils -- Nitrogen content
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Lal, R., editor.
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Stewart, B. A. (Bobby Alton), 1932- editor.
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| ISBN |
9781315228860 |
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1315228866 |
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9781351857413 |
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135185741X |
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9781351857406 |
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1351857401 |
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1351195662 |
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9781351195669 |
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