| Description |
1 online resource (277 pages) |
| Contents |
Cover -- Dedication -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Reasoning -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Form of an Argument -- 3. A Word About the Form of Statements -- 4. The Form of Singular Statements -- 5. Terms and Statements -- 6. Symbolizing Compound Statements -- 7. A Word About Validity -- 8. How Material Expressions are Meaningful -- 9. Terms -- 10. Some Terms are 'Vacuous' -- 11. Statement Meaning -- 12. Truth and Correspondence to Facts -- 13. Propositions -- 14. 'States of Affairs' -- 15. The facts and the FACTS -- 16. What Statements Denote -- 17. Summary and Discussion on the Meaning of Statements -- Chapter 2 Picturing Propositions -- 1. State Diagrams -- 2. Representing Singular Propositions -- 3. Entailments -- 4. Negative Entailments -- 5. STATES and states -- 6. Positive and Negative 'Valence' -- 7. The Limitations of State Diagrams -- 8. The Statement Use of Sentences -- 9. Truth Relations -- 10. Logical Syntax -- 11. Term Way vs. Predicate Way -- 12. Some Useful Terminology -- 13. Subjects and Predicates -- Chapter 3 The Language of Logic (I) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Writing 'Y some X' as an Algebraic Expression -- 3. Affirmation (+) and Denial ( -- ) -- 4. Binary and Unary Uses of a Sign -- 5. Positive and Negative Valence -- 6. Contrary Terms and Sentences -- 7. 'Every' -- 8. Why Some Equal Sentences are not Logically Equivalent -- 9. E-forms and A-forms -- 10. Transcribing Affirmative Statements -- 11. How to Tell the Valence of E-form Statements -- 12. Negative Valence = Universal Quantity -- 13. The Law of Commutation in E-form -- 14. 'Every' in E-form Transcriptions -- 15. 'Isn't' -- 16. The General Conditions of Equivalence -- 17. The General Form of Statements -- 18. The Logical Law of Commutation Applied to Compound Terms -- 19. The Logical Law of Association -- 20. Derivations |
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21. More on Regimenting Sentences -- 22. Uniquely Denoting Terms and Singular Statements -- 23. Identities -- Chapter 4 The Language of Logic (II) -- 1. Compound Statements -- 2. 'If ... then' -- 3. More on Transcription -- 4. 'Or' -- 5. Representing Internal Structures -- 6. The General Form of Compound Statements -- 7. Direct Transcriptions -- 8. Relational Statements -- 9. A Word About Pairing -- 10. Subject/Predicate -- Predicate/Subject -- 11. 'Dyadic Normal Forms' -- 12. Commuting Relational Terms -- 13. Immediate Inferences from Relational Statements -- 14. Obversion -- 15. The Passive Transformation -- 16. Simplification -- 17. Pronouns and Proterms -- Appendix to Chapter 4 -- 18. Bounded Denotation -- 19. Terms in their Contexts -- 20. Rules for Using Markers -- Chapter 5 Syllogistic -- 1. Validity -- 2. Inference -- 3. Enthymemes -- 4. Why REGAL Works -- 5. Inconsistent Conjunctions: The Tell-tale Characteristics -- 6. Equivalent Conjunctions -- 7. How This is Related to REGAL -- 8. Syllogisms with Singular Statements -- 9. The Laws of Identity -- 10. Proofs of These Laws -- 11. The Matrix Method for Drawing Conclusions -- 12. Venn Diagrams -- Chapter 6 Relational Syllogisms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Applying the Dictum to Relational Arguments -- 3. Distributed Terms -- 4. Applying DDO -- 5. Indirect Proofs for Relational Arguments -- 6. Transforming Arguments -- 7. Annotating a Proof of Validity -- 8. Arguing with Pronominal Sentences -- 9. Distributed Proterms -- Chapter 7 Statement Logic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contradictions -- 3. Tautology -- 4. Inconsistent Statements -- 5. Contingent Statements -- 6. Direct Proofs -- 7. Rules of Statement Logic Used in Proofs -- 8. Disjunctive Normal Forms (DNF) -- 9. Inconsistency and Validity -- 10. Graphic Representation of Compound Statements -- 11. Regimenting Statements for Treeing |
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12. Large Trees -- 13. Drawing Conclusions -- 14. Partial Disjunctions -- 15. Using the Tree Method for Annotated Proofs -- 16. Statement Logic as a Special Branch of Syllogistic Logic -- 17. Venn Diagrams for the Singleton Universe of Propositional Logic -- Chapter 8 Modern Predicate Logic -- 1. Syntax -- 2. MPL: The Predicate Way -- 3. General Sentences in MPL -- 4. The Logical Language of MPL -- 5. Singular Sentences in MPL -- 6. How the Logical Syntax of MPL is 'Ontologically Explicit' -- 7. Dyadic Normal Forms -- 8. Translating Pronominalizations -- 9. Preparing the TFL Bridge -- 10. Identity in MPL -- 11. Logical Reckoning in MPL -- 12. Transformation Rules -- 13. Rules of Inference -- 14. Literal Formulas -- 15. Reckoning in MPL -- 16. Canonical Normal Forms (CNF) -- 17. Indirect Proofs in MPL -- 18. Relational MPL Arguments -- 19. Identity Arguments in MPL -- Rules, Laws and Principles -- A Note on Further Reading |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| Subject |
Language and logic.
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Language and logic
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Englebretsen, George
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Wolfson, Harry A
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| ISBN |
9781351958608 |
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1351958607 |
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