| Description |
1 online resource (182 pages) |
| Contents |
Intro; Zusammenfassung; Summary; About Expectations; 1 | A Question of Definition; 1.1 Cognition; 1.2 Expectations; 2 | Expectations and Stimulus Processing; 2.1 The Placebo Effect; 2.2 Expectations, Context, and Face Processing; 2.3 Expectations and Perception รข#x80;#x93; Further Examples; 3 | Expectations and Higher Cognitive Functions; 3.1 Stereotype Threat; 3.2 Self-Efficacy; 4 | Expectations in this Thesis; 5 | General Approach and Core Results; 6 | fMRI Experiment; 7 | Naloxone Experiment; 8 | Cortisol Experiment; 9 | Revisiting the fMRI Experiment; 10 | Supplementary Methods; 10.1 Participants |
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10.2 Experimental Paradigm10.3 Behavioural Data Analysis; 10.4 fMRI Parameters and Data Analysis; 10.5 Testosterone Analysis; 10.6 Cortisol Analysis; 11 | Supplementary Figures and Tables; Between Pain and Math; 12 | Introduction; 13 | Methods; 13.1 Participants; 13.2 Experimental Procedure; 14 | Results; 15 | Conclusions; Expectations and Cognitive Performance; 16 | General Introduction; 17 | Main Experiment: Methods; 17.1 Participants; 17.2 Expectancy Manipulation; 17.3 Testing Procedure; 17.4 Behavioural Data Analysis; 18 | Main Experiment: Results; 19 | Follow-up Experiments |
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19.1 Follow-up Experiment I: Methods19.2 Follow-up Experiment I: Results; 19.3 Follow-up Experiment II: Methods; 19.4 Follow-up Experiment II: Results; 20 | General Discussion; The Bigger Picture; 21 | Nonverbal Expectancies in Non-Human Animals: The Winner/Loser Effect; 22 | So, Who Expects What?; 23 | Expectancy Effects in the Context of Experimental Design: Avoiding Pitfalls; 24 | Re-evaluating the Transmitter Systems Involved in Expectancy Effects; 25 | Implications for Stereotype Threat; 26 | Concluding Remarks; References |
| Summary |
Long description: Expectancy effects are a wide-spread phenomenon, influencing cognitive operations from basic stimulus processing to higher cognitive functions. Their influence often goes unnoticed, even though it leaves a lasting fingerprint on perception and behaviour. The present work aims at providing an improved framework for understanding the impact of expectations by fusing two major fields of research on this question: the study of traditional placebo effects in clinical settings and of social expectancies such as stereotype-related beliefs. Behavioural patterns and physiological mechanisms underlying the phenomena are identified and compared to current models of stereotype and placebo effects. The presented findings give new insights on the effects of expectations on cognition, and represent a first step to identify basic global mechanisms underlying different forms of the phenomena |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| Subject |
Stereotypes (Social psychology)
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Stereotypes (Social psychology)
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9783832599324 |
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3832599320 |
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