| Description |
1 online resource |
| Series |
Respiratory medicine |
| Contents |
Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Methods to Study Lung Injury and Repair: Introduction -- ARDS Overview -- ARDS Pathogenesis -- Therapeutic Options -- Summary -- References -- 2 Mouse Models of Acute Lung Injury -- Introduction -- Initial Considerations When Planning to Use Animal Models of Acute Lung Injury -- Choice of Species/Strain/Sex -- Choice of Lung Injury Model -- Instillation of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns -- Bacterial Pneumonia Models -- Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury -- Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury -- Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury -- Assessment of Lung Injury -- Example Protocols -- Oropharyngeal Aspiration (Fig. 2.3) -- Protocol for Preparing S. aureus -- Protocol for Mouse Mechanical Ventilation -- Post-mortem Bronchoalveolar Lavage Protocol -- References -- 3 Transgenic Animal Models in Lung Research -- Introduction -- Transgenic Mice in Lung Injury Studies -- Cre recombinase -- Applications of Cre-loxP System in Animal Models -- Lung-specific Cre Mouse Models -- Protocols -- Special Considerations (Troubleshooting) -- References -- 4 Fundamental Methods for Analysis of Acute Lung Injury in Mice -- Introduction -- Bronchoalveolar Lavage -- Basic Technique for in Situ BAL of Euthanized Mice -- Incorporation of Fluorescent Dextran into the BAL Technique -- BAL Total Cell Counts (Leukocytes and Red Blood Cells) and Differential Staining -- Total Protein Determination in BAL -- Lung Tissue Processing and Analysis -- Lung Inflation and Fixation -- Assessment of Injury in Lung Tissue Sections -- Biochemical Analysis of Collagen -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Invasive Measurement of Pulmonary Function in Mice -- Background -- In Vivo Invasive Techniques -- Animal Preparation Using the flexiVent System -- Single Frequency Forced Oscillation -- Broadband Forced Oscillation -- Quasi-Static Pressure-Volume Curves |
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Application of in Vivo Invasive Analyses in Acute Lung Injury Studies -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Analysis of Epithelial Injury and Repair -- Introduction -- Methods of Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell Isolation -- Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell Analysis -- Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell Culture -- Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell Proliferation -- Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell Apoptosis -- Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of ATII Cells -- Alveolar Epithelial Trans-Differentiation -- Short Summary -- References -- 7 Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Acute Lung Injury and Repair -- Introduction -- Obtaining Cell Suspensions -- Fluorescence Acquisition -- Doublet Exclusion -- Compensation -- Autofluorescence -- Fc Receptor Blockade -- Building a Multicolor Flow Cytometry Panel -- Data Analysis -- Cell Sorting -- Transgenic Mice -- Applications in Lung Injury and Repair -- Immunophenotyping -- Cell Proliferation Methods -- Cell Viability Analysis -- Cell Death -- Intracellular Staining Techniques -- Human Flow Cytometry -- Publishing Flow Data -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Lung Imaging in Animal Models -- Introduction -- Lung Imaging Background -- Lung Imaging Challenges and Peculiarities -- History of Lung Imaging -- Fluorescence-Based Imaging Techniques -- Microscopy Techniques Currently Used for Fluorescence Imaging -- Lung Fluorescence Imaging Preparations -- Live Lung Slices (LLS) -- Description of LLS Preparation -- Advantages and Disadvantages of LLS -- Application of LLS in Lung Injury Studies -- Isolated, Perfused Lung Method (IPL) -- Description of the IPL Method -- Advantages and Disadvantages of IPL -- Application of IPL to Lung Injury Models -- Lung Intravital Microscopy Methods (IVM) -- Description of the Lung IVM Method -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Intravital Microscopy |
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Applications of IVM for Lung Injury Models -- Noninvasive Imaging Techniques -- Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI) -- Principles of Luminescence Imaging -- Advantages and Disadvantages of BLI -- Application of BLI in Lung Injury Models -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- Principles of MRI -- Advantages and Disadvantages of MRI -- Applications of MRI in Lung Injury Models -- Radiation-Based Imaging Techniques: Micro-CT -- Principles of Micro-CT -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Micro-CT -- Applications of Micro-CT in Lung Injury Models -- Radiation-Based Imaging Techniques: PET/SPECT -- Principles of PET/SPECT -- Advantages and Disadvantages of PET/SPECT -- Applications of PET/SPECT in Lung Injury Models -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 9 Genetic and Genomic Approaches to Acute Lung Injury -- Introduction to Acute Lung Injury -- General Design and Statistical Considerations for Genome-Wide Studies -- Genome -- Common Variants -- Study Design -- Technologies -- Analysis -- Rare Genetic Variants -- Study Design -- Technologies -- Analysis -- Targeted Methods for Validation -- Progress to Date in ALI -- Transcriptome -- Study Design -- Technologies -- Analysis -- Targeted Methods for Validation -- Progress to Date in ALI -- Epigenome -- DNA Methylation -- Study Design -- Technologies -- Analysis -- Targeted Methods for Validation -- Histone Modifications -- Study Design -- Technologies -- Analysis -- Targeted Methods for Validation -- Progress to Date in ALI -- Future Directions and Systems Biology -- References -- 10 MicroRNA Analysis in Acute Lung Injury -- Introduction to MicroRNA -- Background -- MiRNA Synthesis and Processing -- MiRNA Function -- Extracellular Compartments Where MiRNA are Located -- Cell-to-Cell Communication via Extracellular MiRNA -- MicroRNA Analysis in Acute Lung Injury -- Background -- Potential Applications |
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Bioinformatics -- Limitations -- Current Knowledge of MiRNA in ALI -- Future Directions -- References -- Index |
| Summary |
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the incidence is predicted to increase with the aging population Several clinical disorders can initiate ARDS, including pneumonia, sepsis, gastric aspiration and trauma but despite intense research over the past 40 years, we still have an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and treatment remains largely supportive. This book provides an overview of acute lung injury and repair, describes current animal models to study lung injury and reviews current methodologies to study and measure lung injury and repair. Special emphasis is given to state of the art techniques and methods and relevance to human disease. Acute Lung Injury and Repair: Scientific Fundamentals and Methods is a useful resource for physicians and scientists who are interested in experimental model systems for insight into ARDS pathogenesis and treatment strategies. |
| Notes |
Includes index |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Online resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed November 17, 2016) |
| Subject |
Lungs -- Wounds and injuries.
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Lungs -- Wounds and injuries -- Treatment
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Acute Lung Injury -- etiology
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Models, Animal
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome -- physiopathology
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MEDICAL -- Surgery -- General.
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Lungs -- Wounds and injuries
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Schnapp, Lynn M., editor
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Feghali-Bostwick, Carol, editor
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| ISBN |
9783319465272 |
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3319465279 |
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