| Description |
1 online resource (xxvii, 392 pages) : illustrations |
| Series |
Engineering professional collection |
| Contents |
880-01 MICROWAVE LINE OF SIGHT LINK ENGINEERING; CONTENTS; PREFACE; ACRONYMS; 1 INTRODUCTION TO MICROWAVE LOS LINK SYSTEMS; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Historic Evolution of Radio Links; 1.3 Point-to-Point Fixed Communication Technologies; 1.3.1 Cabled Transport Systems; 1.3.1.1 xDSL Technologies; 1.3.1.2 Fiber-Optic Links; 1.3.2 Satellite Communication Links; 1.3.3 Other Fixed Wireless Systems; 1.3.3.1 Free Space Optic Links; 1.3.3.2 Wireless Point-to-Multipoint Systems; 1.3.3.3 High-Frequency Links; 1.3.3.4 High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS); 1.4 Field of Application and Use Cases |
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880-01/(S Contents note continued: 6.5.3.1. Geometrical Method -- 6.5.3.2. Analytic Method -- Bibliography -- 7. Propagation Calculation Methods According To Itu-R P Series Recommendations -- 7.1. General Considerations on Propagation Calculation Methods -- 7.2. Fading Definition -- 7.3. Reflection on Earth's Surface -- 7.3.1. Effective Surface Reflection Coefficient -- 7.3.2. Fading Associated with Specular Reflections -- 7.4. Attenuation Due to Atmospheric Gases -- 7.5. Diffraction Fading -- 7.5.1. Simplified Calculation from ITU-R Recommendation P.530 -- 7.5.2. Diffraction on a Knife-Edge -- 7.5.3. Single Round Shaped Obstacle -- 7.5.4. Two Isolated Obstacles -- 7.5.4.1. Two Obstacles with Similar Clearance -- 7.5.4.2. Two Obstacles with Different Clearance -- 7.5.5. Multiple Isolated Obstacles -- 7.6. Multipath Flat Fading -- 7.6.1. Prediction for Small Percentages of Time -- 7.6.1.1. Initial Planning Stage -- 7.6.1.2. Detailed Planning Stage -- 7.6.2. Prediction for All Percentages of Time -- 7.7. Distortion Due to Multipath Propagation Effects Under Clear Sky -- 7.7.1. Signature -- 7.7.2. Outage Probability Calculation Based on Signatures -- 7.8. Attenuation due to Hydrometeors -- 7.8.1. Prediction of Attenuation Due to Rain -- 7.8.1.1. Specific Attenuation Calculation -- 7.8.1.2. Method for Rain Intensity Excess Value for a Certain Probability Target -- 7.8.2. Combined Method for Rain and Wet Snow -- 7.8.3. Frequency Extrapolation -- 7.8.4. Polarization Extrapolation -- 7.8.5. Attenuation Due to Clouds and Fog -- 7.9. Reduction of Cross-Polar Discrimination (XPD) -- 7.9.1. XPD Outage Under Clear-Air Conditions -- 7.9.2. XPD Outage Caused by Rain -- 7.10. ITU-R Databases for Tropospheric Propagation Studies -- Bibliography -- Appendix I Data for Specific Attenuation Calculation γ -- Appendix II Data for Calculating Attenuation Due to Wet Snow -- 8. Link Engineering According To Availability And Error Performance Criteria -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Design According to Availability and Error Performance -- 8.2.1. Initial Specifications -- 8.2.2. Microwave LOS Link Design Diagram -- 8.2.3. Error Performance and Availability Objectives -- 8.2.3.1. Availability and Bit Error Rate -- 8.2.3.2. Error Performance Criteria and Bit Error Rate -- 8.2.4. Link Budget and Thresholds -- 8.2.5. Impact of Propagation on Availability and Error Performance Calculations -- 8.3. Microwave LOS Link Design According to Availability Criteria -- 8.3.1. General -- 8.3.2. Unavailability Caused by Rain -- 8.3.3. Rain Attenuation in Multiple Hop Links -- 8.3.4. Equipment Reliability and Unavailability -- 8.4. Microwave LOS Link Design According to Error Performance Objectives -- 8.4.1. General -- 8.4.2. Design for Operation in Flat Fading Conditions -- 8.4.2.1. Error Performance and Flat Fading Caused by Refraction -- 8.4.2.2. Error Performance and Rain -- 8.4.3. Error Performance and Selective Fading Due to Multipath -- 8.4.3.1. Net-Fade Margin Method -- 8.4.4. Occurrence of Simultaneous Fading on Multihop Links -- 8.4.5. Cross-Polar Discrimination (XPD) Reduction Outages -- 8.4.6. Overall Error Performance -- 8.5. Design in Problematic Propagation Environments -- 8.5.1. Diversity Techniques -- 8.5.1.1. Space Diversity -- 8.5.1.2. Angle Diversity -- 8.5.1.3. Frequency Diversity -- 8.5.1.4. Combined Diversity: Space and Frequency -- 8.5.2. Adaptive Channel Equalization -- 8.5.3. Adaptive Equalization Combined with Spatial Diversity -- 8.5.4. Considerations on System Design in the Presence of Ducts -- 8.6. Quality and Availability Calculation Guidelines in Real Links -- 8.6.1. Availability -- 8.6.2. Error Performance -- 8.7. Interferences -- 8.7.1. Interferences in the Link Design Process -- 8.7.2. Reference C/I Values and Threshold Degradation -- 8.7.3. Interference Propagation -- 8.7.4. Carrier to Interference (C/I) Calculation Model -- 8.7.4.1. Multiple Interferences -- 8.7.4.2. Common Interference Situations -- 8.7.5. Interference Calculations in Dense Frequency Reuse Scenarios -- 8.8. Link Engineering Summary Procedure -- Bibliography -- 9. Link Operation And Monitoring -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Reference Performance Objectives (RPO) -- 9.3. Bringing into Service (BIS) -- 9.3.1. BIS Performance Objective Values Calculation Procedure -- 9.3.2. BIS Test and Evaluation Procedure -- 9.4. Maintenance -- 9.4.1. Calculation Method for Maintenance Performance Limits (MPL) -- 9.4.2. Maintenance Procedures -- 9.4.2.1. T1 Threshold Supervision -- 9.4.2.2. T2 Threshold Supervision -- 9.4.2.3. T3 Threshold Supervision -- 9.4.2.4. Long-Term Measurement and Monitoring -- 9.4.3. Availability -- 9.4.4. Evaluation of Error Performance Parameters -- 9.4.5. Fault Location Procedures -- 9.4.5.1. Fault Location in pre-ISM Environments -- 9.4.5.2. Fault Location in ISM Environments -- Bibliography |
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1.4.1 Backhaul Networks1.4.2 Backhaul in Mobile Networks; 1.4.3 Metro and Edge Networks; 1.4.4 Fixed Access Networks; 1.4.5 Additional Use Cases; 1.5 Basic Structure of a Fixed Service Microwave Link; 1.6 Spectrum Management Aspects; 1.6.1 ITU-R Radio Regulations: Spectrum Parameters and Definitions; 1.6.2 Frequency Allocations; 1.7 First Approach to the Design of a Microwave LOS Link; 1.8 Link Budget Basics; 1.8.1 Link Budget; 1.8.1.1 Power Levels; 1.8.1.2 Gain and Losses; 1.8.1.3 Link Budget Expression; 1.8.2 Propagation Losses; 1.8.3 Threshold Values and Gross Fade Margin; 1.9 Noise |
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1.10 InterferencesBibliography; 2 LOSS AND FADING ASSOCIATED WITH TROPOSPHERE PROPAGATION PHENOMENA; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Influence of Refraction on Propagation in the Troposphere; 2.2.1 Refractive Index and Radio Refractivity N; 2.2.2 Radio Refractivity Gradient; 2.2.2.1 Variation with Height; 2.2.3 Subrefraction Conditions; 2.2.4 Super-Refraction Conditions; 2.2.5 Ray Bending: Effective Earth Radius; 2.2.6 Ducts; 2.2.7 Beam Spreading; 2.2.8 Variation in the Angles of Launch and Arrival; 2.2.9 Troposphere Multipath Propagation; 2.2.10 Scintillation |
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2.3 Terrain Diffraction Losses: Fresnel Zones2.4 Vegetation Attenuation; 2.5 Atmospheric Gas and Vapor Absorption; 2.6 Hydrometeors; 2.6.1 Absorption Due to Hydrometeors; 2.6.2 Cross-Polarization: Coupling Losses; 2.7 Reflection; 2.8 Distortion due to Propagation Effects; 2.8.1 Channel Impulse Response; 2.8.2 Two-Ray Model: Frequency Response; Bibliography; 3 FREQUENCY PLAN FOR A FIXED SERVICE MICROWAVE LINK; 3.1 Frequency Planning Overview; 3.2 Bandwidth and Capacity of a Microwave LOS Link; 3.2.1 Gross and Net Bit Rate; 3.2.2 Spectrum Efficiency; 3.2.3 Spectrum Resources |
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3.3 ITU-R Frequency Plans3.3.1 General Description of a Radio-Frequency Channel Arrangement Plan; 3.3.2 Radio Channel Arrangement Options; 3.3.2.1 Alternated Radio Channel Arrangements; 3.3.2.2 Radio Channel Arrangements for Co-Channel Band Reuse; 3.3.2.3 Radio Channel Arrangements for Interleaved Band Reuse; 3.3.3 Radio-Frequency Channel Arrangement Plan: A Detailed Example; 3.3.3.1 40 MHz Alternated Radio Channel Arrangement; 3.3.3.2 20 MHz Alternated Radio Channel Arrangement; 3.3.3.3 30 MHz Radio Channel Arrangement; 3.3.3.4 10 MHz Radio Channel Arrangement |
| Summary |
"This practical book provides design and implementation guidelines for LOS (Line of Sight) Microwave Radio Links, which are a technological necessity in the telecommunications industry, offering readers ample case studies and ways to apply and adhere to industry standards. The coverage describes the procedure for designing a frequency plan and a channel arrangement structure according to ITU current standards with specific application examples. Analytical examples illustrate the specifics of calculations and provide order of magnitude for parameters and design factors for students approaching the topic for the first time"--Provided by publisher |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| Subject |
Microwave communication systems.
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Line-of-sight radio links.
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TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Telecommunications.
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Line-of-sight radio links
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Microwave communication systems
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Romo, Juan Antonio, 1958-
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| LC no. |
2012007155 |
| ISBN |
9781118383421 |
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1118383427 |
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9781118383452 |
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1118383451 |
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9781118383414 |
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1118383419 |
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9781283002981 |
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1283002981 |
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