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Title Physics of graphene / Hideo Aoki, Mildred S. Dresselhaus, editors
Published Cham : Springer, [2014]
Table of Contents
pt. I Experimental 
1.Experimental Manifestation of Berry Phase in Graphene / Philip Kim3
1.1.Introduction3
1.2.Pseudospin Chirality in Graphene5
1.3.Berry Phase in Magneto-Oscillations8
1.4.Pseudospin and Klein Tunneling in Graphene16
1.5.Conclusions23
 References24
2.Probing Dirac Fermions in Graphene by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy / Eva Y. Andrei29
2.1.Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy29
2.2.From Disordered Graphene to Ideal Graphene31
2.2.1.Surface Topography of Graphene33
2.2.2.Tunneling Spectroscopy of Graphene35
2.2.3.Doping and Electron Hole Puddles36
2.2.4.Landau Levels37
2.2.5.Measuring Small Graphene Devices with Scanning Probes47
2.2.6.Graphene Edges49
2.2.7.Strain and Electronic Properties51
2.2.8.Bilayer Graphene51
2.3.Electronic Properties of Twisted Graphene Layers52
2.3.1.Van Hove Singularities52
2.3.2.Renormalization of the Fermi Velocity55
2.4.Conclusions57
 References57
3.Electron and Phonon Transport in Graphene in and out of the Bulk / Mildred S. Dresselhaus65
3.1.General Introduction66
3.1.1.Graphenes66
3.1.2.Transport69
3.1.3.Inelastic Scattering of Light69
3.1.4.General References and Historical Background70
3.1.5.Objectives70
3.1.6.Topics Addressed71
3.2.Electrical Conductivity71
3.2.1.Introduction71
3.2.2.Electronic Structure73
3.2.3.Charge Carrier Densities and Scattering76
3.2.4.Quantum Effects84
3.2.5.Summary88
3.3.Thermal Conductivity of Graphene in and out of the Bulk88
3.3.1.Preliminary Remarks88
3.3.2.Introduction89
3.3.3.Comparing the Thermal Conductivity of Graphene in and out the Bulk90
3.3.4.Summary101
3.4.Inelastic Scattering of Light---Raman Scattering101
3.4.1.A Brief Overview of Inelastic Scattering of Light101
3.4.2.The G-Band Mode103
3.4.3.The G'-Band (or 2D) Mode104
3.4.4.The Disorder-Induced D-Band Mode105
3.4.5.Summary108
3.5.Conclusions108
 References109
4.Optical Magneto-Spectroscopy of Graphene-Based Systems / M. Potemski113
4.1.Introduction113
4.2.Magneto-Spectroscopy of Graphene115
4.2.1.Classical Cyclotron Resonance of Dirac Fermions115
4.2.2.Magneto-Optical Response of Graphene: Quantum Regime117
4.2.3.Landau Level Fan Charts and Fermi Velocity120
4.2.4.Beyond Simple Band Models121
4.2.5.Scattering/Disorder121
4.2.6.Electron-Electron Interaction122
4.2.7.Effects of Electron-Phonon Interaction123
4.3.Magneto-Spectroscopy of Bilayer Graphene124
4.4.Graphite126
4.4.1.Simplified Models for the Band Structure126
4.4.2.Full Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure Model128
4.4.3.Band Structure Close to the Neutrality Point: Proximity to Lifshitz Transition129
4.4.4.Scattering Efficiency131
4.4.5.Electron-Phonon Coupling132
4.5.Conclusions133
 References134
5.Graphene Constrictions / K. Ensslin141
5.1.Introduction141
5.1.1.Graphene Electronics141
5.1.2.Graphene Nanostructures142
5.2.Constrictions in Conventional Semiconductors143
5.3.Conductance in Graphene Constrictions144
5.3.1.Nanoribbons with Ideal Edges144
5.3.2.Extension to Disordered Edges146
5.4.Experimental Observations and Microscopic Pictures146
5.4.1.Fabrication146
5.4.2.Dependence of Transport on the Charge Carrier Density147
5.4.3.Dependence of Transport on the Applied Voltage Bias148
5.4.4.Microscopic Pictures151
5.4.5.Geometry Dependence152
5.5.Further Experiments for More Detailed Understanding153
5.5.1.Temperature Dependence153
5.5.2.Magnetic Field Dependence156
5.5.3.Side-Gate Influence158
5.5.4.Thermal Cycling160
5.5.5.Tunneling Coupling in a Double Quantum Dot161
5.6.Recent Advances and Outlook164
5.6.1.Bottom-Up Growth of Nanoribbons164
5.6.2.Quantized Conductance in Suspended Nanoribbons165
5.6.3.Outlook166
 References167
pt. II Theoretical 
6.Electronic Properties of Monolayer and Multilayer Graphene / Tsuneya Ando173
6.1.Introduction173
6.2.Electronic Structure of Graphene174
6.2.1.Effective Hamiltonian174
6.2.2.Landau Levels177
6.2.3.Band Gap in Graphene179
6.3.Orbital Diamagnetism181
6.3.1.The Susceptibility Singularity181
6.3.2.Response to a Non-uniform Magnetic Field183
6.4.Transport Properties184
6.4.1.Boltzmann Conductivity185
6.4.2.Self-consistent Born Approximation187
6.5.Optical Properties189
6.6.Bilayer Graphene191
6.6.1.Electronic Structure191
6.6.2.Landau Levels193
6.6.3.Gapped Bilayer Graphene194
6.6.4.Orbital Diamagnetism196
6.6.5.Transport Properties198
6.6.6.Optical Properties200
6.7.Multilayer Graphenes202
6.8.Summary207
 References208
7.Graphene: Topological Properties, Chiral Symmetry and Their Manipulation / Hideo Aoki213
7.1.Chiral Symmetry as a Generic Symmetry in Graphene213
7.2.Chiral Symmetry, Dirac Cones and Fermion Doubling215
7.2.1.Chiral Symmetry for Lattice Systems215
7.2.2.Fermion Doubling for Chiral Symmetric Lattice Fermions218
7.2.3.When and How Dirac Cones Appear?---Generalised Chiral Symmetry221
7.3.Hall Conductivity of Dirac Fermions in Magnetic Fields223
7.3.1.Landau Level of the Dirac Fermions223
7.3.2.Stability of the n = 0 Landau Level224
7.3.3.Massless vs Massive Dirac Fermions226
7.3.4.Chern Number for Many-Particle Configurations228
7.3.5.Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene231
7.4.Bulk-Edge Correspondence for the Chiral-Symmetric Dirac Fermions233
7.4.1.Boundary Physics of Graphene233
7.4.2.Types of Edges and Zero-Energy Edge States234
7.4.3.Edge States and Chiral Symmetry235
7.4.4.Quantum Hall Edge States of Graphene238
7.4.5.n = 0 Landau Level and the Zero Modes239
7.5.Optical Hall Effect in Graphene239
7.6.Nonequilibrium Control of Topological Property241
7.7.Chiral Symmetry for Interacting Electrons245
7.8.Concluding Remarks247
 References248
8.Aspects of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene / Vadim Apalkov251
8.1.A Brief History of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect251
8.1.1.A Novel Many-Body Incompressible State253
8.1.2.Pseudopotential Description of Interacting Electrons254
8.1.3.Composite Fermions and the Fermion-Chern-Simons Theory255
8.2.The Advent of Graphene256
8.2.1.Massless Dirac Fermions257
8.2.2.Landau Levels in Graphene258
8.2.3.Pseudopotentials in Graphene260
8.2.4.Nature of the Incompressible States in Graphene262
8.2.5.Experimental Observations of the Incompressible States265
8.3.Bilayer Graphene267
8.3.1.Magnetic Field Effects268
8.3.2.Biased Bilayer Graphene269
8.3.3.Pseudopotentials in Bilayer Graphene271
8.3.4.Novel Effects from Electron-Electron Interactions272
8.3.5.Interacting Electrons in Rotated Bilayer Graphene277
8.4.Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Trilayer Graphene279
8.5.Some Unique Properties of Interacting Dirac Fermions283
8.5.1.The Pfaffians in Condensed Matter283
8.5.2.The Pfaffians in Graphene285
8.5.3.Interacting Dirac Fermions on the Surface of a Topological Insulator290
8.6.Conclusions297
 References297
9.Symmetry Breaking in Graphene's Quantum Hall Regime: The Competition Between Interactions and Disorder / Kentaro Nomura301
9.1.Introduction301
9.2.The Quantum Hall Effect of Massless Dirac Fermions303
9.2.1.Landau Levels and Quantized Hall Conductivities303
9.2.2.Zero-Field Mobility and Charged Impurities305
9.2.3.Self-consistent Treatment of Screened Impurities in a Magnetic Field306
9.3.Spontaneous Breaking of Spin and Valley Symmetry307
9.3.1.Exchange Interactions307
9.3.2.Phase Diagram: Disorder vs Exchange309
9.4.Field-Induced Insulator at v = 0311
9.4.1.Field-Induced Dissipative States and Insulating States311
9.4.2.Possible Broken Symmetries at v = 0312
9.4.3.Field-Induced Transition and Divergence of Resistance314
9.5.Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism in Bilayer Graphene316
9.5.1.Bilayer Graphene316
9.5.2.Octet Hund's Rules317
9.5.3.Collective Modes of Landau Level Pseudospins319
9.5.4.Instabilities, Ordering and Topological Excitations of LL-Pseudospins320
9.5.5.v = 0 QH Plateaus in Bilayer Graphene321
9.6.Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism at Fractional Fillings322
9.7.Concluding Remarks323
 References325
10.Weak Localization and Spin-Orbit Coupling in Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene / Vladimir I. Fal'ko327
10.1.Introduction327
10.2.The Low-Energy Hamiltonian of Monolayer Graphene328
10.2.1.Massless Dirac-Like Quasiparticles in Monolayer Graphene328
10.2.2.Model of Disorder in Monolayer Graphene330
10.2.3.Spin-Orbit Coupling in Monolayer Graphene332
10.3.Weak Localization vs Antilocalization in Monolayer Graphene332
10.4.The Low-Energy Hamiltonian of Bilayer Graphene337
10.4.1.Massive Chiral Quasiparticles in Bilayer Graphene337
10.4.2.Model of Disorder in Bilayer Graphene339
10.4.3.Spin-Orbit Coupling in Bilayer Graphene339
10.5.Weak Localization in Bilayer Graphene340
10.6.Summary and Conclusions344
 References344
 Index347

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Description 1 online resource
Series Nanoscience and technology
Nanoscience and technology.
Contents From the Contents: Experimental Manifestation of Berry Phase -- Probing Dirac Fermions in Graphene by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy -- Electron and Phonon Transport in Graphene in and out of the Bulk -- Optical Magneto-Spectroscopy of Graphene-Based Systems -- Graphene Constrictions
Summary This book provides a state of the art report of the knowledge accumulated in graphene research. The fascination with graphene has been growing very rapidly in recent years and the physics of graphene is now becoming one of the most interesting as well as the most fast-moving topics in condensed-matter physics. The Nobel prize in physics awarded in 2010 has given a tremendous impetus to this topic. The horizon of the physics of graphene is ever becoming wider, where physical concepts go hand in hand with advances in experimental techniques. Thus this book is expanding the interests to not only transport but optical and other properties for systems that include multilayer as well as monolayer graphene systems. The book comprises experimental and theoretical knowledge. The book is also accessable to graduate students
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index
Notes English
Print version record
In Springer eBooks
Subject Graphene.
Engineering.
engineering.
SCIENCE -- Energy.
SCIENCE -- Mechanics -- General.
SCIENCE -- Physics -- General.
Chimie.
Science des matériaux.
Graphene
Form Electronic book
Author Aoki, Hideo, 1950- editor.
Dresselhaus, M. S., editor.
ISBN 9783319026336
331902633X