| Description |
1 online resource (xiii, 747 pages) : illustrations |
| Contents |
Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Testosterone: an overview of biosynthesis, transport, metabolism and non-genomic actions -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Biosynthetic pathways -- 1.2.1 General -- 1.2.2 Steroids other than testosterone -- 1.2.3 Regulation of cholesterol side chain cleavage activity -- 1.2.4 Regulation of pregnenolone metabolism -- 1.3 Regulation of androgen synthesis by LH -- 1.3.1 General -- 1.3.2 Stimulatory actions of LH -- 1.3.3 Adaptation of Leydig cells -- 1.4 Regulation of androgen synthesis by factors other than LH -- 1.4.1 Locally produced factors -- 1.4.2 Other influences -- 1.5 Transport of steroids -- 1.5.1 Trafficking inside cells -- 1.5.2 Trafficking between the testicular compartments -- 1.5.3 Transport of androgens in the body -- 1.6 Metabolism of testosterone -- 1.7 Non-genomic effects of androgens -- 1.8 Key messages -- 1.9 REFERENCES -- 2 The androgen receptor: molecular biology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The androgen receptor gene -- 2.2.1 Genomic localization -- 2.2.2 Structure of the androgen receptor gene and its mRNA -- 2.2.3 Evolution of the androgen receptor -- 2.3 Functional domains of the androgen receptor -- 2.3.1 Amino terminal domain -- 2.3.2 DNA binding domain -- 2.3.3 Nuclear localization and hinge region -- 2.3.4 Ligand binding domain -- 2.3.5 Amino- and carboxyl-terminal interaction -- 2.4 Molecular mechanisms of androgen receptor action -- 2.4.1 Chaperones and co-chaperones in androgen receptor action -- 2.4.2 Androgen response elements -- 2.4.3 Co-activators and co-repressors -- 2.5 Cross-talk of androgen receptor and growth factor signaling pathways -- 2.5.1 Rapid non-transcriptional action of the androgen receptor -- 2.5.2 Ligand independent activation of the androgen receptor -- 2.6 Androgen receptor function in prostate cancer |
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2.6.1 Prostate development -- 2.6.2 Androgen receptor function and prostate disease -- 2.6.3 Androgen ablation therapy of prostate cancer -- 2.6.4 Androgen receptor involvement in failure of androgen ablation therapy -- 2.6.5 Androgen receptor as a therapy target in hormone-resistant prostate cancer -- 2.7 Pathogenicity of CAG repeat amplification in the androgen receptor -- 2.7.1 Kennedy syndrome (spinobulbar muscular atrophy -- SBMA) -- 2.7.2 Characteristic features of the androgen receptor in SBMA -- 2.7.3 Animal models for SBMA -- 2.7.4 Mitigation of the SBMA phenotype -- 2.8 Key messages -- 2.9 REFERENCES -- 3 Androgen receptor: pathophysiology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Androgen action pathway -- 3.2.1 In foetal sexual differentiation -- 3.2.2 In puberty and adulthood -- 3.3 Generalized androgen insensitivity in humans -- 3.3.1 Biochemical evidence for defective androgen receptor -- 3.3.1.1 Pituitary-testicular axis -- 3.3.1.2 SHBG androgen sensitivity test -- 3.3.2 Genetic aspects of the androgen receptor in human androgen insensitivity -- 3.4 The role of CAG repeat polymorphisms of the androgen receptor in various target organs -- 3.4.1 Kennedy syndrome: a pathological expansion of the AR gene CAG repeats -- 3.4.2 Ethnic differences -- 3.4.3 Prostate development and malignancy -- 3.4.4 Reproductive functions -- 3.4.5 Bone tissue -- 3.4.6 Cardiovascular risk factors -- 3.4.7 Psychological implications -- 3.4.8 Hair growth -- 3.4.9 Pharmacogenetic aspects of testosterone therapy -- 3.4.10 A hypothetical model of androgen action -- 3.5 Treatment options in androgen insensitivity syndromes -- 3.6 Outlook -- 3.7 Key messages -- 3.8 REFERENCES -- 4 Behavioural correlates of testosterone -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sexuality -- 4.2.1 Influence of testosterone on sexual behaviour in men -- 4.2.2 Influence of testosterone on sexual behaviour in women |
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4.2.3 Influence of sexual behaviour on testosterone -- 4.3 Stress -- 4.4 Physical exercise -- 4.5 Aggression -- 4.5.1 Prenatal hormones and aggression -- 4.5.2 Adult testosterone levels -- 4.5.2.1 Aggressive behaviour -- 4.5.2.2 Sexual aggression -- 4.5.2.3 Self-ratings of aggression -- 4.5.3 Testosterone administration -- 4.6 Mood -- 4.7 Cognitive function -- 4.7.1 Clinical studies and testosterone substitution -- 4.7.2 Endogenous testosterone levels -- 4.8 Key messages -- 4.9 REFERENCES -- 5 The role of testosterone in spermatogenesis -- 5.1 Rationale -- 5.2 Organisation and kinetics of spermatogenesis -- 5.2.1 Basic and common features -- 5.2.2 Species-specific features -- 5.3 The hypothalamo-hypophyseal-testicular circuit -- 5.4 Androgen dependence of spermatogenesis -- 5.4.1 Neonatal androgen secretion -- 5.4.2 Pubertal initiation of spermatogenesis -- 5.4.3 Adult spermatogenesis: maintenance and reinitiation -- 5.5 Androgen action on spermatogenesis -- 5.5.1 Testicular androgen production, metabolism and transport -- 5.5.2 Testicular androgen concentrations and spermatogenesis -- 5.5.3 Testicular androgen receptor and sites of androgen action -- 5.6 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and spermatogenesis -- 5.6.1 FSH receptor and sites of FSH action -- 5.6.2 FSH dependence of spermatogenesis -- 5.7 Endocrine control of spermatogenesis -- 5.7.1 Synergistic and differential action of androgens and FSH on testicular functions -- 5.8 Androgens and FSH: is there primacy for spermatogenesis? -- 5.9 Clinical relevance of animal models for the study of androgen actions -- 5.10 Key messages -- 5.11 REFERENCES -- 6 Androgens and hair: a biological paradox -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structure and function of the hair follicle -- 6.2.1 The roles of human hair -- 6.2.2 Structure of the hair follicle -- 6.2.3 The hair follicle growth cycle |
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6.3 The paradoxical effects of androgens on human hair growth -- 6.3.1 Human hair growth before and after puberty -- 6.3.2 Evidence for the role of androgens -- 6.3.3 Androgen-dependent hair growth conditions -- 6.3.3.1 Androgenetic alopecia -- 6.3.3.2 Hirsutism -- 6.4 The mechanism of androgen action in the hair follicle -- 6.4.1 Hair growth in androgen insufficiency syndromes -- 6.4.2 The current model for androgen action in the hair follicle -- 6.4.2.1 The role of the dermal papilla -- 6.4.2.2 Paracrine factors implicated in mesenchyme-epithelial interactions in the hair follicle -- 6.5 The treatment of androgen-potentiated hair disorders -- 6.5.1 Androgenetic alopecia -- 6.5.2 Hirsutism -- 6.6 Key messages -- 6.7 REFERENCES -- 7 Androgens and bone metabolism -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mechanisms of androgen action in bone tissue -- 7.2.1 In vitro studies -- 7.2.2 Animal studies -- 7.2.3 Androgens and their relation to calcium regulatory hormones and IGF-1 -- 7.2.4 Androgens and bone turnover in men -- 7.2.5 The role of estradiol as testosterone metabolite in bone metabolism -- 7.2.6 Relation of androgens to bone tissue in healthy men -- 7.3 Clinical aspects of bone density in relation to disorders of androgen action -- 7.3.1 Bone density in men with disorders of androgen action -- 7.3.2 Effects of androgen substitution on bone tissue -- 7.3.3 Additional modalities for therapy of androgen-related bone loss -- 7.4 Future research -- 7.5 Key messages -- 7.6 REFERENCES -- 8 Testosterone effects on the skeletal muscle -- 8.1 Historical aspects of the anabolic steroid controversy -- 8.2 Evidence that testosterone has direct anabolic effects on the mammalian skeletal muscle -- 8.2.1 Correlational studies demonstrating the relationship of serum testosterone concentrations and muscle mass and function |
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8.2.2 The effects of lowering endogenous testosterone concentrations on body composition -- 8.2.3 The effects of physiologic testosterone replacement in healthy, young hypogonadal men -- 8.2.4 The effect of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on body composition and muscle strength -- 8.3 Testosterone dose-response relationships in men -- 8.4 Testosterone effects on muscle performance -- 8.5 Mechanisms of testosterone's anabolic effects on the muscle: pluripotent stem cell as the target of androgen action -- 8.5.1 Testosterone effects on muscle histomorphometry -- 8.5.2 Muscle protein synthesis as the target of androgen action -- 8.5.3 Pluripotent stem cells as the target of androgen action -- 8.5.4 The role of 5alpha-reduction and aromatization of testosterone in the muscle -- 8.6 Potential clinical application of the anabolic effects of androgens -- 8.6.1 Effects of testosterone replacement in older men with low testosterone levels -- 8.6.2 Why have previous studies of testosterone replacement in older men failed to demonstrate significant improvements in physical function? -- 8.6.3 Effects of androgen replacement on body composition and muscle function in sarcopenia associated with chronic illnesses -- 8.7 Testosterone effects on fat metabolism -- 8.8 Key messages -- 8.9 REFERENCES -- 9 Androgens and Erythropoiesis -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Mechanisms of androgen action within the erythropoietic system -- 9.2.1 Stimulation of erythropoietin (EPO) -- 9.2.2 Action on bone marrow -- 9.2.3 Iron incorporation -- 9.2.4 Hemoglobin synthesis -- 9.2.5 Red cell glycolysis -- 9.2.6 Red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate -- 9.3 Androgen treatment in hypogonadism and effects on erythropoiesis -- 9.4 Hematocrit and ischemic disease -- 9.5 Key messages -- 9.6 REFERENCES -- 10 Testosterone and cardiovascular diseases -- 10.1 Introduction |
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10.2 Relationships between serum levels of testosterone and cardiovascular disease -- observational studies |
| Summary |
Annotation A comprehensive reference on testosterone and other androgens, and their role in human physiology and pathology, this volume covers biosynthesis and mechanisms of action and reviews their effects on brain and behavior, spermatogenesis, hair growth, bones, muscles, erythropoiesis, the cardiovascular system and lipids, erection, and the prostate. Therapeutic uses of testosterone preparations are carefully evaluated, including usage by women, the aging male, and their abuse and detection in sport. The book also considers applications in male contraception, the role of 5a-reductase inhibitors and the controversial use of DHEA |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| Subject |
Testosterone -- Therapeutic use
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Testosterone -- Physiological effect
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Androgens.
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Testosterone -- therapeutic use
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Testosterone -- physiology
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Androgens
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MEDICAL -- Pharmacology.
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Androgens.
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Testosterone -- Physiological effect.
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Testosterone -- Therapeutic use.
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Nieschlag, E
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Behre, H. M. (Hermann M.), 1961-
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Nieschlag, S. (Susan)
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| ISBN |
9780511193934 |
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0511193939 |
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9780521833806 |
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0521833809 |
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0511195338 |
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9780511195334 |
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0511195990 |
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9780511195990 |
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9786610477913 |
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6610477914 |
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9780511545221 |
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0511545223 |
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